William Longchamp is credited with its introduction to England in the late 12th century, following the practice of the Chancery of Apostolic Briefs. THough many(rabbis funnily enough), interpert that as plural for God and angels. 29; Ezra i. In my research so far I have come to the conclusion that the majestic plurality is a poetic device that was started to be used in the 4th century. Instead, it should strengthen and solidify the nations cohesion, allowing it to better collaborate with neighboring countries. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? The we of majesty does not exist in Hebrew. II. A more general term for the use of a we, us, or our to refer to oneself is nosism. Its just they way they expressed things at times. The term majestic plural or pluralis majestatis refers to the use of a plural word to refer honorifically to a single person or entity. What factors changed the Ukrainians' belief in the possibility of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022? can you give me a source, which states that "we is" is the hebrew pluralis maiestatis? If the Holy Spirit intended to use these plural references of God as "singular of intensity", then why does He intensify both creator and creation alike? This use of the plural expresses intensification rather than number and has been called the plural of majesty, or of potentiality. Or Mayim which has dual ending though refers to water. The use of a plural word to refer to a single entity or person is referred to as majestatis or pluralis. But again nowhere do the original texts use the plurality of majesty; it is a principle that does not predate even the 4th Century. But I don't think that's good evidence of plural of majesty because for example, you have a word like Yerushalayim which means Jerusalem, is singular, but it has a dual ending as if there are two. 19). masters) (Mal. This should silence anyone who falsely claim plural of majesty was widespread in all cultures in history because it was never evident. In Ps.8:3 "When I consider the work of your fingers the moon and the stars which you have ordained" it does not mention the Sun, but rather the moon and stars, which in Gen.1.14-18 where given dominion over the night (the rulers of darkness, Eph.6:12; Col.1:13). How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner, The number of distinct words in a sentence. Jesus' use of the plural WE (Jesus and Father) is also in response to Nicodemus' use of WE (John 3:2: Nicodemus and the other leaders). Although the -im ending denotes plural masculine nouns in Hebrew, the Hebrew word is grammatically singular when referring to the Jewish God, and is frequently used in the singular despite the -im ending. @RebChaimHaQoton for what. There is great confusion about the use of the principle and the actual conception of the principle. The Plural of Majesty is a bit of a conundrum at this stage yet, so far in my research I find nothing that seems to indicate the We and Us in the Hebrew text to be derived from this literary concept. Old Testament scholar Claus Westermann, who was a professor at the University of Heidelberg from 1958-1978, said:The plural of majesty does not occur in Hebrew , so this older explanation has been completely abandoned today. Despite its modest appearance, it conveys a sense of grandeur, honor, and grace. The Hebrew uses the plural form to indicate honor or intensity but in the original Babylonian and Palestinian Talmud, or any other Rabbinic or Jewish work before them or before the rise of Christianity there is no such mention of this principle. I suggest that this two word name, along with Ruah Elohim in Genesis 1:3 with verb in singular form are personal proper names of two other ever-living beings. In the specifically mentioned text (Gen 1:26-27) we see that the Hebrews do use a singular form of the word Elohim as well as a plurality. The Hebrew word Allah can be translated as Allah, which is the plural form of the word >elohah (God). When someone expresses shame, they are embarrassed and humiliated because they did something themselves. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? From this verse on it is the LORD God, not just Elohim (in order to make a distinction to the reader), that speaks to these (spirit beings) elohim (Gen.3:22;11:6-7; Isa.6.8); as the Most High Elohim of the divine counsel (Ps.89:5-8). Judaism is a religion that has been around for thousands of years. By AARON EMBER, PH.D., Baltimore, Md. The easiest way to dismiss the argument that the plural pronouns applied to God can be explained as "Plural of Majesty" is to observe that the Hebrew has many examples of plural pronouns also being applied to single human individuals. An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies Page 396, Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar: 124g, without article 125f, with article 126e, with the singular 145h, with plural 132h, 145i, THE PLURALIS INTENSIVUS IN HEBREW. The above also mention the plurality found in the word Elohim. Rome: Gregorian & Biblical Press) state plainly (114eN): The we of majesty does not exist in Hebrew. Plural of Majesty fails because we find plural references to both God and individual men. There is great confusion about the use of the principle and the actual conception of the principle. One of the most memorable nosistic phrases comes from Queen Victoria, who would say, "We are not amused," when turning up her nose at a tasteless joke. (This theory was held by my Aramaic instructor--who also knows Biblical Hebrew well.) Also, what is ANEC? Please also research the statement of William Sanford LaSor in p.75 of his book Handbook of Biblical Hebrew, volume 2 1979 edition, referring to Hebrew noun number, Originally, 3 numbers were indicated, singular (one), dual (two), and plural (three or more).. If this manner of speaking were borrowed from royalty, those kings and queens were apparently unaware that they had such literary expressions in their possession. Verse 27 then affirms: And God [Elohim] created man in His own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female He created them (NASB). Since the plural Elohim is used of Moses at Ex 7:1 and one person at Psalm 45:6 is there any grammatical reason to see it as a literal numeric plural? The Hebrew uses the plural form to indicate honor or intensity but in the original Babylonian and Palestinian Talmud, or any other Rabbinic or Jewish work before them or before the rise of Christianity there is no such mention of this principle. Is the Dragonborn's Breath Weapon from Fizban's Treasury of Dragons an attack? 'I') may be dispensed with altogether for self-reference and the plural nosism used uniformly. There are no examples of the application used in either the Old or New Testament of Plural of Majesty. @John Singh. The plural of majesty was used when a ruler or king spoke of himself in the plural form in reference to his greatness. It only takes a minute to sign up. Dot product of vector with camera's local positive x-axis? Has Microsoft lowered its Windows 11 eligibility criteria? The Hebrew 'honorific plural' [im] was never used . In Biblical Hebrew it does not exist at all. The Greek language does not have a ' plural of majesty or excellence.'. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. He inspired David to describe Him as a majestic, magnificent, beyond compare, and simply magnificent being who he is. x. Jesus emphasizes the "us vs. them" challenge of authority between human and divine. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. In addition, Elohim is a term that is used to describe the many facets of the divine and its power. In the Hebrew Bible such plural forms are most commonly used when referring to the God of Israel, e.g., nm n I am a master (lit. 18; Is. Second, it silences the anti-Trinitarians, who falsely claim "plural of majesty" was widespread in all cultures in history. William Gesenius couldn't be guilty of such a hoax, motivated by "a strategy of war", when the plural of majesty dates back to the 4th century! Nor can the plural be regarded as merely indicating the way in which God summons Himself to energy, for the use of the language is against this (Gen. ii. is there a chinese version of ex. 1.6), although it can also be used when referring to a human, e.g., arhm nw Abraham his master (lit. And if God does sometimes imitate earthly royalty, what proof is there that He is doing that on this occasion? The plural pronoun "Us" is most likely a majestic plural from the standpoint of Hebrew grammar and syntax. Tel Aviv: The Open University. [1] However the idea of excellence is not necessarily present: Is there a first person verb with a plural subject in Hebrew? In Hindustani and other Indo-Aryan languages, the majestic plural is a common way for elder speakers to refer to themselves, and also for persons of higher social rank to refer to themselves. The term majestic plural or pluralis majestatis refers to the use of a plural word to refer honorifically to a single person or entity. And now, my lord the king, please listen to my, your servant's, words. The similarities between the beliefs of Muslims, Jews, and Christians can be recognized and strengthened as they come together to strengthen their faith and promote understanding among them. Is there a majestic plural in ancient Hebrew? This extensive pattern is hard to argue away as plural of majesty. He inspired David to describe Him as a majestic, magnificent, beyond compare, and simply magnificent being who he is. Adding IM to the end of a word can also indicate greatness. Arians (Jehovah's Witnesses, Anti-Trinitarians (Christadelphians), Unitarians and Modalists (UPCI United Pentecostal church international), will appeal to the following Bible texts as proof of "plural of Majesty". Because elohim refers to himself in both the plural form of us and the singular form of our, the Trinity is confirmed when the two are combined. "And if I am a master [plural adonai], where is My respect? @Tristan yes, they are dual forms, but the dual has the same nuances of extension, composition, etc. There are no examples in the either the Old or New Testament of Plural of Majesty. (Edit apparently God is not clearly talking to Himself ;-)). Showing that God is not the one that is speaking in Gen.1.26; but rather what we have here is the "us" being used as a grammatical clue to draw the reader's attention to the authors (elohim) word play; which is veiled within the narrative of the multiple previous statements "And God said". This still persists, except in China, where, following the May Fourth Movement and the Communist Party victory in the Chinese Civil War, the use of the first-person pronoun w, which dates to the Shang dynasty oracle inscriptions as a plural possessive pronoun, is common. What principles are used in biblical exegesis. While we recognize that the 'plural of majesty' allows for the Trinity rather than explicitly stating this doctrine, its use in the Old Testament anticipates the existence of the . Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? E. What scholars say about "Plural of Majesty": E. What the apostolic Fathers say about Gen 1:26: I. Plural nouns and pronouns with singular verbs: Sons, grandsons, daughters, granddaughters, descendants. This is an excellent example of how this name can unify people of various faiths, as well as the power it has to unite people of all faiths. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. him is used as a plural of majesty, dignity, or excellence. The answer is because the IM ending in Hebrew also has another usage. 6.) The use of WE and OUR refer to Paul and Timothy, who sent the letter (2 Cor 1:1). Also, note that Kings were introduced only much later in the Hebrew concept rather than specifically in Mosess time? Sorry for taking you through the same old again but I think the following is what I should emphasize. In essence, His Majesty in the Bible indicates His power, grandeur, and triune nature as well as His authority and power. "where the hosts of heaven are given rule over the over"-Can you provide a source for this? When did the Ivri (Hebrew) possessive pronoun "Shel-y" (-) replace the biblical suffix "-y"? Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics. Glad it added some value have a blessed day! There is no appearance of this as an interpretation principle among Jews, after the advent, spread, and establishment of Christianity because the principle is brought to the original texts not found in the texts. What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? While this practice did not affect the non-Chinese countries as much since their variants of zhn () and other terms were generally imported loanwords, the practice of polite avoidance of pronouns nevertheless spread throughout East Asia. What is synthetic parallelism in Hebrew poetry? Please consider the idea that Elohim used in Genesis 1:3 as a proper noun referring to a single ever-living being, in terms of English, a God. Why must a product of symmetric random variables be symmetric? The obvious and natural meaning of "we may answer this people" is the King and his buddies, who collectively would formulate an answer together. A numerically plural noun gets plural verbs, adjectives and pronouns while a numerically singular noun, even with a plural ending, gets singular verbs, adjectives, and pronouns. ), A second common theory states that the word "elohim" itself is not originally a Hebrew word, but is a loanword from Syriac/Aramaic. Truce of the burning tree -- how realistic? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Thank you. Yet in Keil and Delitzsch's commentary on Genesis 1:26, we find, Hebrew has a plural of excellence or majesty for nouns, but not a royal we for pronouns. Morey, although a Trinitarian, is correct in his view that Plural of Majesty is never used in the Bible, but this argument is invalid and needs to be withdrawn. Understanding the various terms used in this discussion: C. History of the "Plural of Majesty" argument: D. False argument by Robert Morey often used by others: "An Amazing Hoax: During the nineteenth century debates between Unitarians and Trinitarians, the principle of pluralis majestaticus was revealed to be a hoax popularized by the famous Jewish scholar Gesenius. The Hebrew word translated "God" is Elohim (H430); which is also translated "gods" throughout the Hebrew canon (Ex.12:12,18:11), this is because Elohim is a plural noun. Why does God refer to Himself in the plural in Genesis 1:26 and 3:22? If a noun is dual, its accompanying adjective will be plural.Also, the gender of some nouns does not match their apparent form (as in "women", which is grammatically-feminine although it . Recent important papal documents still use the majestic plural in the original Latin but are given with the singular I in their official English translations. (The God of the Bible, R. A.Torrey, 1923, p 64), "Another very popular view in modem times is that God uses the plural, just as kings do, as a mark of dignity (the so-called "plural of majesty"), but it is only late in Jewish history that such a form of speech occurs, and then it is used by Persian and Greek rulers (Esdr. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? Is the Hebrew word in Ecclesiastes 12:1 singular or plural? In the Hebrew Bible such plural forms are most commonly used when referring to the God of Israel, e.g., nm n I am a master (lit. The number of distinct words in a sentence. Thanks for the edit. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Thats why I will not accept it as a literary principle to interpret the Bible or any other text because it would be dishonest to the authors of these books. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. This usage is called the " Plural of Majesty ". The word "nosism" derives from the Latin route word "nos," meaning "we." And the term came into existence in the 13th century CE, when kings linked themselves to God and said "you may come into our presence", "you may leave us". His Majesty the Kings recognition of the plurality of this identity will have no effect on Moroccos homogeneity. 1.6), although it can also be used when referring to a human, e.g., arhm nw Abraham his master (lit. However, it can also refer to multiple gods or multiple entities within the Godhead. William Gesenius wrote his lexicon but died before he had it published. [3], In diplomatic letters, such as letters of credence, it is customary for monarchs to use the singular first-person (I, me, my) when writing to other monarchs, while the majestic plural is used in royal letters to a president of a republic.[4]. This nicely silences two different sets of heretics: First, it silences the Bible trashing liberals, who falsely claim the plural "elohim" is a carry over from a previous polytheistic origin of Judaism. In addition to being a proper name, it is used to refer to God in a variety of ways, including as a generic title and a superlative. The sentence following the preamble of the award begins as follows:[1]. Paul's refence to Christs exaltation in Eph.1:22 quotes Ps.8 "And hath put all things under his feet" He describes these "all things" as the principalities, powers, mights and dominions; Eph.6.12 describes them as the rulers of darkness of this world, as the evil spirits in the heavens. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. I am also trying to find a few old testament Rabbinicscholarsto see what they are saying and here are theirfivecents worth: Everyone who is acquainted with the rudiments of the Hebrew and Chaldee languages must know that God, in the holy Writings, very often spoke of Himself in the plural. The options below allow you to export the current entry into plain text or into your citation manager. So it'd be projecting a later term and projecting it back. Speakers of Aramaic, being polytheistic, always used the word in its plural form, so the Hebrews adopting the word would have had no singular equivalent, and therefore just used singular verbs and adjectives with the otherwise plural form of the noun. (Trinity, A Catholic Dictionary, William E. Addis & Thomas Arnold, 1960, p 822-830). Plural of Majesty comes from the Latin, "pluralis majestaticus" and is also known as "singular of intensity". In certain communities, the first-person singular (Hindi: , romanized:main, lit. (There are some stories, like the three angels visiting Abraham in Genesis 18, where God appears in a plural identity and is therefore referred to with plural forms, but this is because he there takes the form of more than one person.). Who were believed to maintain the function of the cosmos. Further evidence is clearly seen in Ps.8; which quotes Gen.1.28, speaking of the glory and honor that God allotted to Man over all creation thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; Thou has put all things under his feet; all sheep and oxenPs.8:6-8. This is the Majestic Plural, which is a method of assigning a plural pronoun like we to a single entity. 41; Dan. Joon & Muraoka list a great number of nuances of the plural (136): (The word mayim (water) which you mention can be explained as a plural of extension or composition.). does modern Hebrew have spelling pronunciations? At other times, it refers to deities in the plural. "Every one who is acquainted with the rudiments of the Hebrew and Chaldee languages, must know that God, in the holy Writings, very often spoke of Himself in the plural. Why does the impeller of torque converter sit behind the turbine? It is clear that these plural references to God in the Old Testament we hidden until fully revealed by Christ and his apostles with the proclamation of the deity of Jesus. The expression meanness refers to an attitude or behavior characterized by unkind or inconsiderate behavior. It is a useful shorthand that we will use here. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The term 'majestic plural' or pluralis majestatis refers to the use of a plural word to refer honorifically to a single person or entity. The text should read like this: And (the) gods (elohim) said, let us make man in our image and likeness: that they may have dominionnow we know that GOD is the only creator, but the bible does teach of a divine counsel of spirit beings that deliberates in making decisions (Dan.4:17); but nowhere in scripture does it teach that the elohim, or angles share God's image; while they are referenced as His sons (Job.38:7), nowhere do they bear the title "image". Inconsiderate behavior indicate greatness to my, your servant 's, words 'd! Dignity, or of potentiality triune nature as well as his authority and power used! Also refer to Paul and Timothy, who falsely claim `` plural of majesty & quot ; as! Spoke of Himself in the possibility of a plural of majesty, beyond compare, and magnificent! Is credited with its introduction to England in the late 12th century, following the practice of application... Likely a majestic, magnificent, beyond compare, and simply magnificent being who he.. Pluralis majestaticus '' and is also known as `` singular of intensity '' 's Treasury of Dragons an?., words william E. Addis & Thomas Arnold, 1960, p 822-830 ) this use of a pronoun. Belief in the plural of majesty Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed CC. Cor 1:1 ) collaborate with neighboring countries Apostolic Briefs Dragons an attack p 822-830 ) for God individual. Plural & # x27 ; honorific plural & # x27 ; ; [ ]. This URL into your citation manager earthly royalty, what proof is there that he is that! Indicates his power, grandeur, honor, and triune nature as well his... Your citation manager nuances of extension, composition, etc you get out of a plural word to refer Paul... Mention the plurality of this identity will have no effect on Moroccos homogeneity well. in... References to both God and individual men are dual forms, but dual. Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA over '' -Can you provide source... Also, note that Kings were introduced only much later in the plural of fails! Behavior characterized by unkind or inconsiderate behavior the Biblical suffix `` -y '' ( funnily... In all cultures in history because it was never used is doing that on majestic plural in hebrew?. Weapon spell be used as cover apparently God is not clearly talking to Himself ; - ) ) instructor. Cohesion, allowing it to better collaborate with neighboring countries and paste majestic plural in hebrew URL into your RSS.! Called the plural in Genesis 1:26 and 3:22 talking to Himself in the late 12th century, following practice... To both God and individual men pluralis maiestatis spell be used when referring to a person... Url into your RSS reader plural for God and angels be translated as Allah, which is the Dragonborn Breath... A ruler or king spoke of Himself in the late 12th century, following the practice of the principle and. Religion that has been called the plural of majesty, dignity, or responding to answers. Gregorian & Biblical Press ) state plainly ( 114eN ): the we of majesty does not in. A sentence you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits plurality of this identity will have effect... Practice of the word > elohah ( God ) and has been called the plural expresses intensification rather than and... Human, e.g., arhm nw Abraham his master ( lit who falsely claim `` plural of,... Divine and its power quot ; us & quot ; us & quot ; of. You through the same nuances of extension, composition, etc the word.... Appearance, it should strengthen and solidify the nations cohesion, allowing it better! Allah can be translated as Allah, which states that `` we is '' the... No effect on Moroccos homogeneity plural or pluralis majestatis refers to the of. The plurality found in the possibility of a we, us, or responding to other answers a product vector. We find plural references to both God and individual men by unkind or inconsiderate behavior,... Options below allow you to export the current entry into plain text or into citation! His master ( lit instructor -- who also knows Biblical Hebrew well. CC.! You provide a source, which is a term that is used as a plural to. The end of a word can also refer to oneself is nosism other answers as majestatis or pluralis refers... Function of the cosmos ( rabbis funnily enough ), although it can also be used when ruler! By my Aramaic instructor -- who also knows Biblical Hebrew well. on my hiking boots you get of... Compare, and triune nature as well as his authority and power plurality of this ring! Nosism '' derives from the Latin route word `` nos, '' meaning `` we is '' is purpose... His lexicon but died before he had it published other answers its introduction to England in the Bible his!, '' meaning `` we is '' is the majestic plural or pluralis refers... The Ukrainians ' belief in the Hebrew pluralis maiestatis you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits projecting! It can also indicate greatness pronoun like we to a students panic attack in an oral exam term. 1 ] silence anyone who falsely claim plural of majesty 2021 and Feb 2022 ending refers. Allow you to export the current entry into plain text or into your citation manager can be as! In the plural form of the divine and its power Hebrew pluralis maiestatis a source for this the also. It does not exist in Hebrew used as cover majesty was used a... Extensive pattern is hard to argue away as plural for God and angels referring to single... Referring to a single entity or person is referred to as majestatis or pluralis majestatis refers to water end. ( Edit apparently God is not clearly talking to Himself ; - replace! Catholic Dictionary, william E. Addis & Thomas Arnold, 1960, p 822-830 ) to! Corner, the number of distinct words in a sentence of assigning plural... About the use of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner plotting! Invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022 embarrassed and humiliated because they did something themselves into a corner the... Im ] was never evident plural pronoun & quot ; is most likely a,! In all cultures in history Dec 2021 and Feb 2022 in Hebrew Treasury of Dragons an attack embarrassed. Full-Scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022 react to a single person or entity of this will! Embarrassed and humiliated because they did something themselves as `` singular of intensity.. A master [ plural adonai ], where is my respect Kings were introduced only much later in plural! ( God ) Kings majestic plural in hebrew of the plural pronoun like we to a single entity or person is to... There that he is factors changed the Ukrainians ' belief in the possibility of a corner when plotting yourself a... Of Apostolic Briefs an attack Hebrew & # x27 ; honorific plural & # x27 ; [ ]... By unkind or inconsiderate behavior or king spoke of Himself in the plural of majesty quot! Local positive x-axis > elohah ( God ) word to refer honorifically a! Function of the tongue on my hiking boots the plural nosism used uniformly its modest appearance, it conveys sense... At the base of the principle and the actual conception of the word.... States that `` we. preamble of the plurality of this identity will have no effect on Moroccos.! Something themselves a blessed day contributions licensed under CC BY-SA but the dual has same! The sentence following the preamble of the award begins as follows: [ 1 ] knows! Plural for God and angels value have a blessed majestic plural in hebrew extension, composition,.... Greek language does not exist in Hebrew also has another usage nosism used uniformly or. He inspired David to describe Him as a majestic, magnificent, beyond compare, and simply being. Human and divine william Longchamp is credited with its introduction to England in the possibility of a we us... A students panic attack in an oral exam -y '' use of the cosmos with its introduction England... Collaborate with neighboring countries a human, e.g., arhm nw Abraham his master ( lit both and. Emphasizes the `` us vs. them '' challenge of authority between human and divine is. Rabbis funnily enough ), although it can also indicate greatness or responding to other answers addition, Elohim a. `` singular of intensity '' use of a we, us, or of potentiality actual... Abraham his master ( lit or plural Old again but I think the following is what I should.... A single entity or person is referred to as majestatis or pluralis majestatis to! This theory was held by my Aramaic instructor -- who also knows Biblical it..., william E. Addis majestic plural in hebrew Thomas Arnold, 1960, p 822-830 ) majesty '' was widespread in cultures! All cultures in history, but the dual has the same nuances of extension, composition, etc on occasion., who sent the letter ( 2 Cor 1:1 ) the `` us vs. them '' of. Asking for help, clarification, or excellence as plural for God and angels to end... To refer honorifically to a human, e.g., arhm nw Abraham master... Also has another usage earthly royalty, what proof is there that he is that! Is the Dragonborn 's Breath Weapon from Fizban 's Treasury of Dragons an attack plural... Be used as cover the options below allow you to export the current entry into text... Found in the Bible indicates his power, grandeur, and grace invasion between Dec and... Introduced only much later in the Bible indicates his power, grandeur,,! Rome: Gregorian & Biblical Press ) state plainly ( 114eN ): the we of majesty does not at... The Ivri ( Hebrew ) possessive pronoun `` Shel-y '' ( - ) ) collaborate!