Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (left) and Vietnamese President Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, October 18, 1954. Rajaraja announces to his noblemen that Bala Devar should be given same respect as himself. His elder brother Aditya II was assassinated c. 969 CE. He observed that the Black continent has been drenched in blood with murders blessed by the Church and conscientiously perpetrated by todays colonial administrators. [34][35] Rajaraja had a number of wives. Rajaraja Cholan announces that his son Rajendra and the Chola army is helping the Vengai king Sakthivarman and his younger brother Vimalathithan recapture the kingdom from Satyasiriyan. An example of the prologue (known as the Meikeerthi) from an inscription by Rajaraja follows:[25], . Another daughter was called as Mathevalzagal and was mentioned as the Naduvit Penn (meaning middle daughter) in one of the Thiruvilachuzhi inscriptions. When the Chola army enters the palace, Rajendra, Sakthivarman and Vimalathithan find Bala Devar tied to a pillar. Kalingattuparani, a war poem written during the reign of Kulothunga Chola I hints at a slight on the Chola ambassador to the Chera court as the reason for this sacking of Udagai. Bala Devar meets with Poonkudi to discuss Rajaraja's downfall. Rajaraja Chola's mother, Vaanavan Maadevi, was the daughter of Thirukkovilur king, Malayamaan Thirumudi Kaari. It was celebrated as Sadhaya-nal vizha, a 7 day festival culminating on his star birthday during the king and his son's reign. The Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Sri Lanka. The shrine had been in existence already in the 21st year of the kings reign, called Lokamahadevisvara after the queen. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. Uttarangudaiyan Kon Vidividangan alias Villavan Muvendavelan was one of the top officers (Perundaram) of Rajaraja. The Vengi kingdom remained independent of the Chola Empire. [32] Nambi arranged the hymns of three saint poets Sambandar, Appar and Sundarar as the first seven books, Manickavasagar's Tirukovayar and Tiruvacakam as the 8th book, the 28 hymns of nine other saints as the 9th book, the Tirumandiram of Tirumular as the 10th book, 40 hymns by 12 other poets as the 10th book, Tirutotanar Tiruvanthathi - the sacred anthathi of the labours of the 63 nayanar saints and added his own hymns as the 11th book. the priest asks how can these statues be saints? Rajaraja had been meticulous about recording his achievements, and equally diligent in preserving the records of his predecessors. He documented atrocities on Blacks with detailed statistics and facts, and was known to be a virtual encyclopaedia on these matters. In 991 CE, Mahindas army mutinied with help from mercenaries from Kerala. The mother of Rajendra I, the only known son of Rajaraja, was Vaanathi (otherwise called as Thiripuvana Madeviyar), Princess of Kodumbaalur. The other names of officials found in the inscriptions include the Bana prince Maravan Narasimhavarman, a general Senapathi Sri Krishnan Raman, the revenue official Irayiravan Pallavarayan and Kuruvan Ulagalandan who organized the country-wide land surveys. One of the names of these feudal chieftains found in inscriptions were Adigal Paluvettaraiyar Kandan.He built a massive temple in Gangai konda cholapuram a mile stone of chola architecture. [36] He identifies his opponent as Rajaraja Nittavinodha Rajendra Vidyadhara, the ornament of the Chola kula Nrmadi Chola(one hundred times more powerful). Rajaraja not only was particular about recording his achievements, but also was equally diligent in preserving the records of his predecessors. 2. He conquered the kingdoms of southern India, his empire expanding as far as Sri Lanka in the south and Kalinga (Orissa) in the northeast. After an argument, Vimalathithan leaves and tells the emperor not to use his daughter and her love as bait to trap him. During his reign, the Cholas expanded beyond South India with their domains stretching from Sri Lanka in the south to Kalinga in the north. They also draw a parallel between this relationship and the enmity between the Chalukyas of Badami and the Pallavas of Kanchi. RAJA RAJA CHOLAN THE GREAT (AD 985-1014 CE) As a staggering administrator, intense warrior, a magnanimous philanthropist, and a lover of beautiful art and architecture, Raja Raja Cholan is an inevitable character in Tamil and world history. Rajaraja suggests that they retrieve the works and Nambiyandar tells the emperor that he would like to combine these works and write Tirumurai. Kshatriyasikhamani-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. This was probably an important stronghold in the Pandya country, which the Chola king captured. Ranamukha-Bhima-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. The Tamil poem Vikkirama Cholan ula mentions the conquest of Malai Nadu and the killing of 18 princes in retaliation of the insult offered to an envoy. He invaded Sri Lanka and started a century-long Chola occupation of the island. Rajaraja Chola I (Tamil: ), considered as the greatest king of the Chola Empire by many, ruled between 985 and 1014 C.E. While controversies are raging over Tamil director Vetrimaaran's speech about Raja Raja Cholan, actor Kamal Haasan and VCK president Thol Thirumavalavan amongst others have extended their support for the director. During this period he was engaged in organising and augmenting his army and in preparing for military expeditions.[7]. Rajaraja, the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola and Vanavan Mahadevi, has also been known by his birth name Arulmozhivarman. Rajaraja dedicated the proceeds of the revenue from the village of Anaimangalam towards the upkeep of that Vihara. In Calcutta in particular, the renaming of a street as Ho Chi Minh Sarani, the popularity of Ho Chi Minh sandals and the slogan Amaar Nam Tomar Naam Vietnam were symbolic of the huge popularity that Ho Chi Minh had. Subsequently, Ho Chi Minh participated in the Bandung conference in 1955 and visited India in 1958. Kundavai spent her later life in Tanjore with her younger brother and she even survived him. When one family builds a wall, two families benefit from it.Chinese proverb. Rajaraja also built a Temple for Siva in Pollonaruwa. Rajarajas early inscriptions use the descriptive Kandalur salai kalamarutta ( ). The name of the third daughter is not known. There is no evidence of any military campaign undertaken by Rajaraja until the eighth year of his reign. Land as small in extent as 1/52,428,800,000 of a veli (a land measure) was measured and assessed to revenue. Mural found in the Brihadeesvara temple, Tamil Nadu, 11th century. [36] Rajaraja carried out a revenue and settlement during the final years of his reign. [20] Rajaraja evidently attached much importance to his victory over Satyasraya, as he is said to have presented gold flowers to the Rajarajesvara temple on his return from the expedition. [5] He claims he asked Satyasiriyan to not fight but he never listened and he was about to get killed by Sataysiriyan when the Chola army entered the palace and Satyasiriyan ran away. Roy, who had debated Lenin in the Second Congress on the national and colonial question. On learning that Ranamitra Sen was in the audience at one of his gatherings, he reportedly got off the stage and went to greet and embrace him. [15] An inscription of Irivabedanga Satyasraya from Dharwar describes him as a vassal of the Western Chalukya Ahvamalla for he describes himself as a bee at the lotus feet of Ahavamalldeva in 1002 A.D. An inscription of Rajaraja asserts that he captured Rattapadi by force. His son Rajendra Chola led the conquest continued in the year 1017 and brought the entire island under Chola rule. The President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, and his party on 27.7.1957 paid a visit to the People Stralsund and the Island of Riems. An ardent follower of Siva, Rajaraja, nevertheless, displayed tolerance towards other faiths and creeds. The building of the Rajarajesvara temple in Thanjavur and the various endowments and gifts to it occupied a prominent place in the kings priorities during those years. [41], "The Hidden Temples of India." Baladevar acts angry at Poonkodi and tells the emperor he never realised how evil Poonkodi was. Rajadhiraja, as stated above, not only defeated and destroyed the Chera fleet at Kandalur but sent out his squadrons on an expedition against Ceylon. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Those royal names, most likely, had been pre-fixed to the designations of those regiments after they had distinguished themselves in some engagement or other. Without a portrait of the king or verified statue, all only know about his reign, little attests to his potent personality and the firm grasp of his intellect. Anuradhapura, the 1400-year-old capital of Sinhala kings was destroyed. Rajendran attacks and hurts Vimalathithan, then apologises and asks him to come to the Chola empire. Gokul Seshadri has written a novel "Rajakesari", which deals with the after effects of Kandhalur invasion, in Rajaraja Chola's life. She was the only daughter of the Chola king Parantaka II and queen Vanavan Mahadevi. His older siblings were Aditha Karikalan and Kundavai. It is widely believed that trade with the European continent was feasible during the reign (985-1014 C.E) Raja Raja Cholan. Rajaraja created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra. [38][39][40] He was also known as Rajaraja Sivapada Sekhara (he who had the feet of Lord Shiva as his crown). The Chola army is goes to the Vengi kingdom, and Rajendran tells Vimalathithan he has no choice but to fight. Muthuraman and Lakshmi impress and Kumari Padmini has given a good account of herself". in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Others among them took money from the temple on interest, which they agreed to pay in cash. . There are varying accounts of what caused Rajendra Chola to embark on his South-East Asian campaign. [37] Rajaraja also bore the title Telungana Kula Kala. Ilaiya-Rajaraja-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. Also there is another novel "Cherar Kottai" by the same author, which deals with the Kandhalur invasion by Rajaraja Chola. Rajendra Chola annexed Java, Sumatra, Bali, parts of Malaysia, Brunei islands and demanded tribute from Myanmar, Thailand and Cambodia. The temple was built by Suryavarman 2 of khmer dynasty and it is entirely different from chola dynasty. Year after year villages from all over the country had to supply men and material for the temple maintenance.[26]. During the next three centuries of rule, marked by many wars with the Rashtrakutas, the dynasty had become old and dysfunctional, falling prey to disputed successions and anarchy. Rajarajas inscriptions indicate that the Chola army elephants wrought havoc on the banks of the river Tungabhadra. Poonkodi meets him and insults him for being disloyal to Satyasiriyan, but he tells her that he actually wants to overthrow Rajaraja. During the lifetime of his father Sundara Chola, Arulmozhivarman had carved a name for himself through his exploits in the battles against the Sinhala and Pandyan armies. The emperor replies that as long as he is the emperor and has confidence in his rule, he trusts his daughter to do the right thing. Rajaraja Chola-I, who was born as Arulmozhi Varman, is also . [21] His son Rajendra Chola, as the commander of the Chola forces invaded and defeated the Andhra king Bhima. He installed a system of audit and control by which the village assemblies and other public bodies were held to account while not curtailing their autonomy. Sweden Quran burning row reaches Mumbai, poster of Bajrang Dal leader found pasted on streets [Viral Pictures] 4. Producer G. Umapathy merits a pat on the back for steering so huge a project safely home". In most of the foregoing names the first portion represents the surnames or titles of the king himself or of his son. The Mail said, "As befitting the distinction, it is lavishly mounted, carefully produced and studded with stars. At any rate, all those transactions show that the king created in them an interest in the temple he built. Rajaraja leaves for the capital with Bala Devar. According to inscriptions, at least 15 names are mentioned as his wives - Ulagamaga Deviyari,Thidaipiran magal Chola Madeviyar,Abhimanavaliyar,Thirailokiya Madeviyar,Panchavan Madeviyar,Piruthivi Madeviyar,Elada Madeviyar,Meenavan Madeviyar,Nakkan Thillai Alzagiyar,Kaadan Thongiyar,Koothan Veeraniyar,Elangon Pichiyar. He was, of course, well aware of English colonisation and the Indian anti-colonial struggle, and he reportedly said once in a conversation comparing the Indian to the Vietnamese situation. Rajaraja Cholan announces that his son Rajendra and the Chola army is helping the Vengai king Sakthivarman and his younger brother Vimalathithan recapture the kingdom from Satyasiriyan. The Chalukyas, pressed from the north by the hostile Paramaras of Malwa, must have found sustaining themselves against two powerful enemies attacking from two opposite directions difficult. Nittavinoda-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. Nagapattinam on Bay of Bengal was the main port of the Cholas and could have been the navy headquarters. Early Tamil records date in the regal year of the king to whose time the grants belong, rather than in the Saka or any other well-known era; paleography has been an unreliable guide in understanding South-Indian history. The invasion of the Ganga country proved a complete success and the entire Ganga country came under the Chola rule for the next century. Mulaparivara-vitteru alias Jananatha-terinda-parivarattar. Two students died and one student, Ranamitra Sen, was shot in the leg. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. He confronts his father, who informs Rajendra that he shall lead the army to attack the Vengi king. C. 996 C.E. He was well aware of how African-Americans were treated in the US. He promoted International trade by patronising "Thisai ayirathi ettu Ainootruvar", which is an ancient Tamil trade organisation which carried on trade from the length and breadth of the Indian Ocean From the Arabia to the Malaya. Example of a typical lithic inscription of the Chola period. Rajendra reclaims the sword and announces that he shall lead the army to Venginadu. Rajaraja tells him it is enough that he insulted his daughter. From that time, Chalukyas became the main antagonists of Cholas in the northwest. Aragiya- Chola-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. Ho Chi Minh had written a poem for Nehru capturing their common dilemma during their respective struggles: You are in jail, I am in prison Rajaraja also perfected the administrative organisation by creating a strong and centralised machinery and by appointing local government authorities. Satyasiriyan runs back into his palace whose minister, Bala Devar, devises a plan to destroy Raja Raja Chola. But none of them seems to have considered leaving a record on stone of his military achievements. The emperor and empress leave to meet Karuvur Devar and are introduced to Tamizarasi, a poet and drama writer. [6] It was the case when Rajaraja came to the throne. Mahinda V was the king of Sinhalese. Rajaraja utilized that opportunity and invaded the island. Rajaraja agrees to do so provided that Vengi make concessions that Kundavi and Rajendra find unacceptable. This support for Vietnam in India was reflected also in the leadership. The key dates of Raja Raja's rule are difficult to come by. Rajaraja was succeeded by Rajendra Chola I. Rajaraja Cholan, based on the life of the Chola king Rajaraja I was a play written by Aru. Rajaraja must have had at least three daughters. Panchavanmahadevi assisted Rajaraja in day-to-day decision makings in the rule. He allied with Pandyas and Cheras against the common archenemy Cholas. To commemorate those conquests, Rajaraja assumed the title Mummudi-Chola, (the Chola king who wears three crowns - the Chera, Chola and Pandya). Who was Raja Raja Chola? The emperor, at Bala Devar's insistence, does not send an invitation to Vengi or Vimalathithan. In 1973, it was adapted into a film by the same name,[2] directed by A. P. Nagarajan and produced by G. Umapathy;[3] Sivaji Ganesan, a self-described Chola, was cast in the title role. The Pandyas probably held Kandalur-Salai, which later inscriptions claim to have belonged to the Chera king, when Rajaraja conquered it. Nagapattinam, on the Bay of Bengal, had been the main port of the Cholas and could have been the navy headquarters. The 50th anniversary of the Vietnamese icon serves as an occasion to remember his life and work. # Who is the role model for Vietnam President? Rajaraja's son Rajendra was the Chola general leading the army in this battle. Rajaraja, disguised as a sage, appears and asks them why make the armies fight and lead to so many people's deaths, when only Rajendran and Vimalathithan should fight. Epigraphia Carnatica, Volume 10, Part 1, Mysore archaeological series By, The political structure of early medieval South India By Kesavan Veluthat, karam: recent researches on Indian culture: Professor Srinivasa Sankaranarayanan festchrift, South Indian inscriptions: Volume 2, Parts 12 By. During the time of the Vietnam War, large demonstrations were held in India. The Chola - Srivijaya War. The heart of the story revolves around the mysteries surrounding the assassination of Aditya II and the subsequent accession of Uttama to the Chola throne. Also Elangon Pichiyar was the daughter of Vallavaraiyan Vandhiyathevan and Kundavai Nachiyar. During that period he engaged in organizing and augmenting his army and in preparing for military expeditions. Both worked together in the Society of Oppressed Peoples of Asia in Moscow. Unlike the Pandyan and Chera territories, Eastern Chalukyas maintained an independent political existence and remained as a Chola protectorate. Rajaraja was succeeded by Rajendra Chola I. While the Brihadeswara Temple in Thanjavur is being constructed, Emperor Rajaraja Cholan arrives, everyone greets him but a sculptor, whose dedication pleases him. There you had Mahatma Gandhi, here I am the Mahatma Gandhi. On another occasion, he said, I and others may be revolutionaries, but we are disciples of Mahatma Gandhi, directly or indirectly, nothing more nothing less. After many hard battles Saktivarman finally found his position secure on the throne in 1002 C.E. [13] Kanthan of Kalki called it a respite for audiences tired of watching repeated, identical films.[14]. The construction of the temple reportedly completed on the 275th day of the 25th year of his reign. Although the Western Chalukyan Satyasraya tried to amalgamate the two dynasties, he failed due to the constant battles with the Paramaras and the Cholas. The Thiruvalangadu inscription again states: The southern kingdoms of Pandyas, Cheras and the Sinhalas were often allied against the Cholas. He tells that via divine intervention, Nambi found the presence of script in Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram, which are the great works of saints Sampantar, Appar and Sundarar. Bala Devar says that Rajendra's mind changed because of Viramadevi and made him soft. At any rate all these transactions show that the king created in them an interest in the temple he built. Rajaraja utilised this opportunity and invaded the island. 3. He had established his rule extending from India up to South East Asia with his Naval Fleet. His empire stretched from as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Orissa) in the northeast. # Raja Raja Cholan in Vietnam War. Parantaka Chola I who had made extensive conquests had in fact subdued the Deccan kingdom that flourished in this region in 913.C.E. Rajendra refuses to do it, and gives his sword to his father. In a battle against the Cheras sometime before 1008 CE, Rajaraja captured Udagai in the western hill country. On the way Vimalathithan meets Rajendran and he warns Rajendran that it is all Bala Devar's plot and to remain careful. to restore Saktivarman to the Eastern Chalukya throne. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Even after conquering Vengi, Rajaraja failed to bring the Eastern Chalukya kingdom under direct Chola rule. To counter the rising influence of the Western Chalukyas, Rajaraja supported Saktivarman I, an Eastern Chalukya prince in exile in the Chola country after the throne had been usurped by a minor Rashtrakuta king. Kundavi dances but makes a mistake that Vimalathithan points out. Vimalathithan leaves and Kundavi argues with he rmother and aunt that her father unnecessarily interfered in the argument between her and Vimalathithan. The irony of the Vietnam war was captured beautifully in a speech by Martin Luther King Jr., offering a fierce indictment: We were taking the black young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem.. The grandeur, majesty and the culture and prosperity of the golden era of Raja Raja Chozhan have been captured faithfully including the building of the Thanjavur temple". pp. In January 1947, before Indias independence, the All India Student Federation had declared a day to be Vietnam Day. The Drama has been published as a book by Prema Pirasuram, Chennai-24, used in South Indian Universities. Satyasiriyan asks his guard Ottran to go and meet Bala Devar as it is Pournami day. A number of regiments have been mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions. Raja Raja I claims damages worth "seven and a half lakshas from Irattapadi which was evidently the site of war with Satyashraya resulting in victory for Raja Raja I and payment of damages by the Chalukya king. [31] It is believed that by divine intervention Nambi found the presence of scripts, in the form of cadijam leaves half eaten by white ants in a chamber inside the second precinct in Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram. His political benchmark theories and generosity allowed local governance in a period where no emperor was doing it. To commemorate these conquests Rajaraja assumed the title Mummudi-Chola, (the Chola king who wears three crowns the Chera, Chola and Pandya) and according to tradition the title Raja Raja was conferred on him by serving members of Chidambaram temple of ancient who had also the duty of conducting the swearing in ceremony of chola and pallava princes. We also know of at least one daughter of Rajaraja called Rajaraja Kundavai Alvar who he named after his sister. Personal Life and Family. 'Rajaraja is supposed to have conquered twelve thousand old isands a phrase meant to indicate the Maldives -John Keay. The regions of Gangapadi (Gangawadi), Nolambapadi (Nolambawadi), Tadigaipadi came into Chola possession during Rajaraja. : https://youtu.be/biX-mI3aBBsWatch our FULL series on Tamil Kings . In the war against the Pandyas, Rajaraja seized the Pandya king Amarabhujanga and the Chola general captured the port of Virinam. He was also the Mahadandanayaka Panchavan Maharaya supreme commander- of the northern and northwestern dominions. Photo: Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-48579-0009 / CC-BY-SA 3.0. We retained discretion on what productive purpose they used that money. The lyrics were written by Tirunavukkarasar, Kannadasan, K. D. Santhanam, Poovai Senguttuvan and 'Ulunthurpettai' Shanmugham. The choice of that city demonstrates the desire of Rajaraja to conquer the entire island. The records were subsequently re-engraved on the walls from the book after the rebuilding was finished. The invasion of the Ganga country was a success and the entire Ganga country was under the Chola rule for the next century. It was celebrated as Sadhaya-nal vizha, a 7 day festival culminating on his star birthday during the king and his son's reign. The article began: If lynching inflicted upon Negroes by the American rabble is an inhuman practice, I do not know what to call the collective murders committed in the name of civilisation by Europeans on African peoples., Also read:Why the Second World War Remains Relevant for India Today. Kundavi is heartbroken, but swears that a person who does not respect her father shall not be her husband. Narrated by Michael Bell. My Write up on "Meikeerthi" and its significance follows this post Rajendra Chola-I or gangaikonda Chola was from the vijayalaya Chola dynasty Reign: 1014 - 1044 CE. Rajendra Chola was made co-regent during the last years of Rajarajas rule. "Naval Warfare in ancient India". He laid the foundation for the growth of the Chola kingdom into an empire, by conquering the kingdoms of southern India and the Chola Empire expanded as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Orissa) in the northeast. Saktivarman, recognizing that he owed everything to Rajaraja, consented to recognize the Chola over lordship. Thus there is no truth in the proposition of "Chola Throne" ties with "Vengi". Rajaraja spent a lot of time in the company of Kundavai, his elder sister, and must have much admired her. Rajendra decides not to attend the event after hearing this. The mother of Rajendra I, the only known son of Rajaraja, was Vaanathi (otherwise called as Thiripuvana Madeviyar), Princess of Kodumbaalur. He was made his heir apparent and Co-Regent in 1146 and so the inscriptions of Rajaraja II count his reign from 1146. J. We are not, however, told to what productive purpose they applied this money. In this campaign Rajaraja is said to have destroyed a fleet in the port of Kandalur, which appears to have been situated in the dominions of the Chera King Bhaskara Ravi Varman Thiruvadi (c. 9781036 CE). His elder brother Aditya II died by assassination in c. 969 C.E. In January 2007, Kaviri Mainthan a novel set in the Chola period and a sequel to Ponniyin Selvan was written by Anusha Venkatesh, published by The Avenue Press.