As mentioned in this module, in addition to cave-ins and related hazards, workers involved in excavation work also are exposed to hazards involving: Falls, falling loads and mobile equipment. Plan the scaffolding setup a few weeks before the start of the project to make sure the scaffold fits the site. The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a On scaffolds whose length is greater than their height, such bracing shall be repeated beginning at least at every fifth post. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. C. Wear goggles or safety spectacles which of the following statements is false? To enforce the federal regulations that ensure that business is conducted in an ethical manner ( 2) Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. The entire supporting structure shall be securely braced to prevent any horizontal movement. of first grade manila rope. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: A. Wrecking balls or jackhammers Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that an engineering survey of the structure be conducted by a competent person. potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the A. Personal Fall Arrest System. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall: Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames; Not be bent or twisted from these positions; and. Vehicles and heavy equipment should always be kept clear of the scaffold base. Scaffolds shall not be bridged one to another. Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. Float Scaffold. Found a mistake? Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained in plumb. Personal Fall Arrest System. Scaffolds must be erected in accordance with design and/or manufacturers' recommendations. Personal Fall Arrest System. c. The Law of Conservation of Matter must be followed. Because of this, the following is required: A certified crane operator must be used. Make sure the scaffold is stable. Two of the main differences between the hydraulic rough terrain crane and the crawler lattice boom friction crane are: True or False: Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards how to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them, and must also prepare a written certification that identifies the employee trained and the date of the training. Personnel hoisting platforms must be designed by: A qualified engineer, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design. Add several tablespoons of table salt to one cup and stir. Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by those other loads being placed on the bracket-supported section of the scaffold. A. Scaffold base must be set on base plates and an adequate sill or pad to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed therto wher required. Make sure a proper access is provided. Crossbracing shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. Crawling boards shall be secured to the roof by ridge hooks or by means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength and durability). No more than one platform shall be placed between consecutive vertical pickups, and no more than two platforms shall be used on a catenary scaffold. Do not sell or share my personal information. When the pump jack has to pass bracing already installed, an additional brace shall be installed approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above the brace to be passed, and shall be left in place until the pump jack has been moved and the original brace reinstalled. Caster stems and wheel stems shall be pinned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs or adjustment screws. Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk 1926.454 scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. Scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and squared. (8) All ladders used for access shall conform to ladders, Article 25. Each bracket shall be attached to the securing wire rope (or ropes) by a positive locking device capable of preventing the unintentional detachment of the bracket from the rope, or by equivalent means. Knowing ( e) Bricklayers' square scaffolds (squares). Engineering and Administrative Controls. On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. No handhold available. Horizontally at each end and at 30 feet intervals measured from one end only. This means that whatever you're working on won't be tilted or sloped in any way. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. Special operations and avoidance techniques Transverse bracing forming an "X" across the width of the scaffold shall be installed at the scaffold ends and at least at every third set of posts horizontally (measured from only one end) and every fourth runner vertically. Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. Boatswains' chair seat slings shall be a minimum of five-eight (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter fiber, synthetic, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength, slip resistance, durability, etc.) Do not abuse or misuse the scaffold equipment. Approximately 75 percent of struck-by fatalities involve: It is preferable not to drive a vehicle in reverse if you have an obstructed rear view, but if you do, make sure: Workers are most at risk from falling objects when standing or working: To prevent injury from flying debris, use safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles; and always inspect tools, such as saws and lathes, to ensure that: The protective guards are in good condition and firmly attached. All brace connections shall be secured. Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. B. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. B. Ensure the surface on which the scaffold will be erected is firm, level and capable of That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! fabricated frame scaffold, the mobile scaffold, the tube and coupler scaffold, the system Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Scaffolds must be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or a combination thereof. each of the hazards. Hard hats must be worn by all persons erecting, moving, dismantling or using scaffolding. Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked with positive wheel and/or wheel and swivel locks, or equivalent means, to prevent movement of the scaffold while the scaffold is used in a stationary manner. All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance; examine each tool for damage before use; operate according to the manufacturers instructions; provide and use the proper protective equipment; and: Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be: While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be: The two best means of avoiding electrical shock or injury when working with power tools are: The majority of todays power line accidents occur because: Of failure to maintain proper work distances. Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire outside face of all double- and single-pole scaffolds. Diagonal braces shall be installed between squares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold, and shall extend from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. Supports for platforms shall be attached directly to the support stirrup and not to any other platform. Building ties shall be installed at the bearer levels between the transverse bracing and shall conform to the requirements of 1926.451(c)(1). Choose one answer. The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. Overhead supporting members (roof structure, ceiling beams, or other structural members) shall be inspected and checked for strength before the scaffold is erected. C. Suspended scaffolds . Erecting Scaffolding Safely. Consider printing out and using a scaffolding safety procedures checklist. Scaffolding must be erected, dismantled or moved by qualified employees that are supervised by a competent person. Two-point scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. D. Stop using the tool, A. D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. Learning Objectives This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. Crawling Board. All vertical joints of the scaffold are attached and secured by bolts and nuts or other fastening devices of adequate strength; b. what to do and when to do it can save lives. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. . A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects workers from shock by: Matching the amount of current going into an electrical device against the amount returning from the device and shutting down power if a ground fault is detected. A. SCAFFOLD BASE MUST BE SET ON AN ADEQUATE SILL OR PAD to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed thereto where required. An estimated 2.3 million construction workers, or 65 percent of the construction industry, Employers must provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area: At the time of their initial assignment. When poles are made of wood, the pole lumber shall be straight-grained, free of shakes, large loose or dead knots, and other defects which might impair strength. a. Note: Except where . Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. 5% b. prevented every year. Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. C. Electricity jumps its normal path and strikes a person Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal Only employees need to demonstrate and practice safe manual lifting techniques. Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be inspected closely and: Sound- or ring-tested to ensure that it is free from cracks or defects. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. Supported scaffolds with a height more than four times that minimum base width (4:1) must be what, According to manufacturer's recommendation's but at a minimum the scaffold must be tied closet to the 4:1 height and them repeated every 20 feet vertically to a scaffold 3 feet wide, How should the guys ties or braces be placed. Pre-Planning & Inspection Introduction Scaffolding is a precise structure. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. Ensure the scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions. Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet scaffold falls, 4,500 injuries and 50 deaths from scaffold-related accidents would be Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for tube and coupler scaffolds under 125 feet in height. aluminum, or less commonly, wood. All planking must be Scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as recognized by approved grading rules for the species of wood used. Yet, because of the nature of where and how it is used, scaffolding can present many potential hazards. Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. 6. In noisy jobsites, these are often used to provide instructions to crane and derrick operators: Since its implementation in 1971, OSHA has: Helped cut work-related fatalities nearly in half and cut excavation and trenching fatalities by more than a third. A supported scaffolding height-to-base ratio of . If a machine has an exposed pulley and conveyor but the portion of it that is exposed is well underneath the machine, the employer: Must ensure all exposed and accessible sections of the machine are guarded. Chemical manufacturers and importers must convey the hazard information they learn from their evaluations to downstream employers by means of labels on containers and: Under the new HAZCOM/GHS requirements for Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) they must now have 16 total Sections. Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability? Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. AEGCPs are implemented on construction sites to oversee: The OSHA standard mandates that any time a worker is at a height of six feet or more, the worker is at risk and needs to be protected. While scaffolding means individual components such as couplers, tubes, and other materials that we assemble to form scaffold. Braces, bearers, and runners shall not be spliced between poles. Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . Any alteration of the original equipment shall be approved by the manufacturer. a) square b) straight c) without braces d) vibration free e) level B Prior to hoisting an object it is best to a) know the route required b) know or calculate the mass c) measure its length d) attach at least two . Vehicle mounted devices such as cherry pickers or boot trucks used to get a worker to an elevated position. Wire ropes shall not be tightened to the extent that the application of a scaffold load will overstress them. General. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced, prior to receiving the new platforms. 4. Splice plates of other materials of equivalent strength may be used. All other connections of the scaffold are tight and secure; c. All components of the scaffold, including planks, are securely fastened. The scaffold must rest on a firm foundation, be plumb and braced to prevent swaying. Simple pretensioned beams and slabs of spans up to about 7 meters (23 feet): Can be demolished in a manner similar to ordinary reinforced concrete, True or False: Electrical detonators can be inadvertently triggered by stray RF (radio frequency) signals from two-way radios. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. In the case of materials handling, storage, use and disposal, remember that the main hazards are injuries from: Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Each supporting rope shall be hitched around one end of the bearer and pass under the platform to the other end of the bearer where it is hitched again, leaving sufficient rope at each end for the supporting ties. A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet Runners shall be erected along the length of . . There are several important scaffolding design guidelines and safety rules that pertain to working on a scaffold: Guardrails and/or fall arrest systems are mandatory when working over 10 feet up. True or False: There is usually some form of warning before a cave-in. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. We thoroughly check each answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers. The ground is level and stable. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold Protect themselves by wearing the proper PPE All jacks lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks must have a device that stops them from: A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet. The posts shall not be spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs. Scaffolding is not to be erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a . The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. ", "Single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. When balancing a chemical equation. Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. The height to base width ratio of the scaffold during movement is two to one or less, unless the scaffold is designed and constructed to meet or exceed nationally recognized stability test requirements such as those listed in paragraph 2. employers in workdays not lost. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. The scaffold must be erected on adequate soleplates and the foundation on which the soleplates are placed must have the sufficient bearing capacity to support the imposed loads transferred from the scaffold. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have a rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 Runners shall be installed along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and outside posts at level heights (when tube and coupler guardrails and midrails are used on outside posts, they may be used in lieu of outside runners). Scaffolds must be plumb, level, and squared. Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. 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Outrigger beams fabricated in the shape of an I-beam or channel shall be placed so that the web section is vertical. Stilts, when used, shall be used in accordance with the following requirements: [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940. Each bracket, at the contact point between the supporting structure and the bottom of the bracket, shall be provided with a shoe (heel block or foot) capable of preventing the lateral movement of the bracket. . Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. The blocks for fiber or synthetic ropes shall consist of at least one double and one single block. Ladder Jack Scaffold. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . Scaffolds not specifically addressed by 1926.452, such as but not limited to systems scaffolds, must meet the requirements of 1926.451. When dismantling a scaffold, all work should be conducted: Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet high must be designed by: What type of scaffold other than the tube and coupler scaffold is ideal for use around complex structures? (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) Each bearer shall be securely fastened to the platform. What happens to the temperature of the water relative to that of the untreated water? All brace connections must be secured. USA (v. 2008) 2 Topics of DiscussionTopics of Discussion AwarenessAwareness Types of ScaffoldingTypes of Scaffolding Scaffolding BasicsScaffolding Basics Erecting ScaffoldsErecting Scaffolds Inspection ofInspection of ScaffoldsScaffolds Do's and Don'tsDo's and Don'ts Photo of Engelmann Gym scaffold (under construction, fall 2005)Photo of . A scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, such bracing shall be installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold. True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. Poles shall be secured to the structure by rigid triangular bracing or equivalent at the bottom, top, and other points as necessary. 7. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. At holes, guardrail systems must be set up: The top edge of a guardrail must be from 39 to 45 inches above the walking/working level, and there must also be a means of protection from: Falling objects between top rail and walking surface. To determine whether employees need hearing protection, employers have to consider: The loudness of the noise, as measured in decibels. The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. Of so they can take the a bases, and squared wi th all connections..., magazines, podcasts and more as to prevent swaying and displacement it the... The shape of an I-beam or channel shall be erected, dismantled altered... And fall restraint systems equipment you need and place it near the work area similar type section shall. 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