Some anti-government protests turned violent. [citation needed], Arafat's administration was criticized for its lack of democracy, widespread corruption among officials, and the division of power among families and numerous governmental agencies with overlapping functions. A number of seats, defined by presidential decree, are allocated to Christians, and political parties must include a certain number of women on their lists, including one in the top three slots. Book Muslim Palestine. He was seriously injured. In July 2004 these elections were postponed. Amid a growing sense of distrust and pessimism between Israelis and Palestinians, U.S. Pres. Lindsay argued that internationally funded construction projects in the West Bank should try to minimize foreign labor and maximize the participation of Palestinian workers and management to ensure economic expansion through salaries, job training, and improved infrastructure. The Palestinian National Authority (PA or PNA; Arabic language: السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية‎ As-Sulṭah Al-Waṭaniyyah Al-Filasṭīniyyah) was the interim self-government body[1] established to govern Areas A and B of the West Bank and Gaza Strip as a consequence of the 1993 Oslo Accords. The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention determined he was being held 'manifestly with no legal justification' and appointed a Special Rapporteur on torture.[79][80][81]. "The Oslo Accords: international law and the Israeli-Palestinian peace agreements". The alleged Israeli "occupation" could not be held responsible for that. [56] Arafat denied this, and was visited by other leaders around the world up until his death. [51], The UN has permitted Palestine to title its representative office to the UN as 'The Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations',[8] and Palestine has started to re-title its name accordingly on postal stamps, official documents and passports,[4][52] whilst it has instructed its diplomats to officially represent 'The State of Palestine', as opposed to the 'Palestine National Authority'. Some Palestinians are dependent on access to the Israeli job market. The report also calls to stop shooting Qassam rockets and mortar shells on Israeli settlements because of it hurts "Palestinian interests". [30], Following Arafat's death on 11 November 2004, Rawhi Fattouh, leader of the Palestinian Legislative Council became Acting President of the Palestinian Authority as provided for in Article 54(2) of the Authority's Basic Law and Palestinian Elections Law. Tel : (9626)5857208/9 In addition to granting Palestine "non-member observer state status", the draft resolution "expresses the hope that the Security Council will consider favourably the application submitted on 23 September 2011 by the State of Palestine for admission to full membership in the United Nations, endorses the two state solution based on the pre-1967 borders, and stresses the need for an immediate resumption of negotiations between the two parties. The Palestinian National Authority, officially established in 1994 as a result of the Oslo Accords, is an interim administrative body nominally responsible for governance in Palestinian population centers in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Instead it is surrounded by allegations of favoritism and fraud." [53] The PA was created by, is ultimately accountable to, and has historically been associated with, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), with whom Israel negotiated the Oslo Accords.[28]. These elections were postponed by Mahmoud Abbas after major changes to the Election Law were enacted by the PLC which required more time for the Palestinian Central Elections Committee to process and prepare. "Constitution of Palestine" by Palestinian National Authority. Benjamin Netanyahu, who campaigned on the slogan “Peace with security,” was granted a surprise victory in Israel’s 1996 parliamentary elections. "[128][129], By 15 July 2012, Palestinian Authority workers received only 60% of their salaries for June, which caused discontent against the government. One Israeli official said that the money helped the Palestinian Authority pay its salaries before Ramadan, and it was part of Israel’s policy of helping to "preserve the Palestinian economy. Lindsay criticized the Palestinian Authority treatment of these refugees: PA projects are not likely to address refugee needs, however, since the PA has traditionally deferred to the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) regarding infrastructure in refugee camps. Hass also reported that as a result of this paradox, Abu Dis and surrounding areas were becoming a haven for weapons smugglers, drug dealers, and other criminals. The funds were later unblocked. "[146], In February 2004, it was reported that the European Union (EU) anti-fraud office (OLAF) was studying documents suggesting that Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Authority had diverted tens of millions of dollars in EU funds to organizations involved in terrorist attacks, such as the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades. [35] Hamas, which government has an effective control of the Gaza Strip since 2007, faces international diplomatic and economic isolation. [96], On 31 August, the Jenin Martyrs Brigades, the armed wing of the Popular Resistance Committees, threaten to kill Minister Nabil Shaath for participating in a conference in Italy attended by Israeli Foreign Minister Silvan Shalom, declaring "He will be sentenced to death if he enters. This resulted in the controversial outcome of Hamas winning 74 seats even though it received 44 percent of the vote (against Fatah’s 41 percent). to ease financial crisis", http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=278536, "Palestinian economy cannot support state", http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=278897, "PA spends 6% of its budget paying Palestinians in Israeli jails, families of suicide bombers", http://www.timesofisrael.com/cash-strapped-pa-spends-4-5-million-per-month-compensating-security-detainees/, "Report of the Government of Israel to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC)", http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/HumanitarianAid/Palestinians/Israel_Report_AHLC_Sept_2012.htm, http://www.pcpsr.org/survey/polls/2012/p44efull.html#domestic, "Arab poll: Palestinian Authority is corrupt", http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4244044,00.html, "Testimony of Jim Zanotti, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs, Congressional Research Service", http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/HHRG-112-FA13-WState-ZanottiJ-20120710.pdf, "Chronic Kleptocracy: Corruption within the Palestinian Political Establishment", http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/hearings/view/?1454, "Chronic Kleptocracy: Corruption Within The Palestinian Political Establishment", http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/HHRG-112-FA13-WState-SchanzerJ-20120710.pdf, http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/HHRG-112-FA13-MState-C000266-20120710.pdf, Palestinian watchdog: corruption continues, "Palestinians Lure Banks With First Sukuk Bills: Islamic Finance", http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-12-08/palestinians-lure-banks-with-first-sukuk-bills-islamic-finance.html, "Abbas’s plea to Arab states: Show me the money! [137] The experts, analysts, and specialists testified on corruption within financial transactions concerning Mahmoud Abbas, his sons Yasser and Tareq, and the Palestine Investment Fund, among others, as well as on the limiting of freedom of the press, crushing political opposition, and cracking down on protestors. Further rounds in the West Bank took place in May 2005. [14] The PA should not be confused with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) who continues to enjoy international recognition as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, representing them at the United Nations under the name "Palestine".[15][16]. Hamas rejected these demands,[33] which resulted in the Quartet suspension of its foreign assistance program and Israel imposed economic sanctions. The Palestinian National Authority (PNA) foreign relations are conducted by the minister of foreign affairs. Adopted 17 Feb 2006 Note: The Palestinian National Authority (PNA) is an autonomous national entity comprising the territories of Gaza (formerly under Egyptian sovereignty) and West Bank (formerly under Jordan sovereignty), which were occupied by the Israeli Defense Forces in June 1967. [88], The firing of Qassam rockets from the Gaza Strip into Israel is strongly opposed by those living closest to the firing location due to frequent Israeli military responses to them. n the authority formed in 1994 to govern the Palestinian Administered Territories: it controls policy on … From the establishment of the Palestinian Authority in 1993 until the death of Yasser Arafat in late 2004, only one election had taken place. This book is a systematic, scientific study that forensically documents the PA experience. It has undergone the usual procedures of scientific editing, including the reviewing of texts and references. - Inside Story, "Palestinian Authority officially changes name to 'State of Palestine'", http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/palestinian-authority-officially-changes-name-to-state-of-palestine.premium-1.492065, "U.N. The distinct areas were given different statuses, according to their governance and the involvement of the Palestinian Authority pending a final status accord. to PA to avert crisis", http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=277545, "Israel advances PA NIS 180m. [28], General elections were held for its first legislative body, the Palestinian Legislative Council, on 20 January 1996. The decision cannot be rescinded, we call upon his bodyguards to abandon his convoy in order to save their lives. Ghassan Khatib, a Palestinian Authority spokesman, said, "This $100 million is important and significant because it's coming from a leading Arab state, and this hopefully can be an example for other countries to follow... We will remain in need of external funding. A well-known Palestinian critic of the Palestinian Authority (PA) has died in police custody in Hebron, sparking angry condemnation from leading figures in the West Bank and beyond. While routinely blaming Israel for the PA's problems, he pointed out that the many PA security forces are hobbled by corruption and factional feuding. [114], According to the World Bank, the budget deficit in PNA was about $800 million in 2005, with nearly half of it financed by donors. [citation needed] This is because these repeated degradations of PA resources and infrastructure have led to complaints by the PA and some of its European Union funders that Israel is deliberately hobbling the PA to restrict its powers of law enforcement in order to present an image of terrorism and lawlessness in the Palestinian Territories. In 2005, Israel officially withdrew from settlements in Gaza. Concerning Abbas' children, Chabot stated that "Even more disturbingly, Yasser and Tareq Abbas—who have amassed a great deal of wealth and economic power—have enriched themselves with U.S. taxpayer money. Lindsay has also argued that in any peace settlement acceptable to Israel "there will be few, if any, Palestinian refugees returning to Israel proper". The Minister of Justice Freh Abu Mediane protested and resigned over the illegality. [citation needed], On 31 July, Palestinian kidnappers in Nablus seized 3 foreign nationals, an American, British and Irish citizen. [122] The Palestinian labor minister Ahmed Majdalani also warned of the consequences of a shortfall in the delivery of aid from Arab donor nations. Moussa Arafat, head of the Palestinian Military Intelligence and a cousin of then Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat has stated that, regarding the United States pressure to arrest the killers; "They know that we are in a very critical position and that clashing with any Palestinian party under the presence of the occupation is an issue that will present many problems for us". 29% of Palestinians say people in the West Bank can criticize the government in the West Bank without fear. [42] The 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict began on 27 December 2008 (11:30 a.m. local time; 9:30 am UTC). The land has largely been allocated to Israeli settlements, military bases, and bypass roads, which affects the daily lives of the nearly 300,000 Palestinians living within the Area and divides the PA-controlled areas into dozens of tiny territories. [66], The Fatah–Hamas conflict has further limited the freedom of the press in the PA territories and the distribution of opposing voices in Hamas-controlled Gaza and the West Bank where Fatah still has more influence. Private schools and educational institutions shall comply with the curriculum approved by the Palestinian National Authority, and shall be subject to its supervision. In 2013, political analyst Hillel Frisch from Bar-Ilan University’s BESA Center, noted that "The PA is playing a double game...with regards to battling Hamas, there’s coordination if not cooperation with Israel. [17][18] Shortly thereafter, aid payments resumed, but were channeled directly to the offices of Mahmoud Abbas in the West Bank. After the takeover in Gaza by Hamas on 14 June 2007, Palestinian Authority Chairman Abbas dismissed the government and on 15 June 2007 appointed Salam Fayyad Prime Minister to form a new government. According to Palestinian documents leaked to the Al Jazeera news organization, the United States has threatened to cut off funding to the Palestinian Authority should there be a change in the Palestinian leadership in the West Bank. Hirst suggests that there are 40,000–50,000 security officers. The collection includes sites on law, elections, tourism, associations, political organizations, and more. Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton and Yasser Arafat at the Oslo Accords signing ceremony on 13 September 1993. According to the Ramallah-based Palestinian Center for Development and Media Freedoms, in 2011, there were more assaults on Palestinian press freedom from the PA than from Israel. [10], The Palestinian Authority (PA) is an interim administrative body established in accordance with the Gaza–Jericho Agreement[11] after the Oslo Accords to assume the responsibilities of the Israeli military administration in populated Palestinian centers (Area A) in the West Bank and Gaza Strip until final status negotiations with Israel are concluded. Since late August 2012, Palestinian National Authority has been swept with social protests aiming against the cost of living. The report said that the Palestinian Authority is unlikely to reach fiscal sustainability until a peace deal is achieved that allows the private sector to experience rapid and sustained growth. [110] The passports bear the inscription: "This passport/travel document is issued pursuant to the Palestinian Self Government Agreement according to Oslo Agreement signed in Washington on 13/9/1993". The change in status was described by The Independent as "de facto recognition of the sovereign state of Palestine". [141], Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas said the Palestinians haven't seen "one cent" of the hundreds of millions of dollars the Arab countries promised during the 2010 Arab League summit in Libya. TEEN Relation between Hamās and the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) book. As a key proviso of the Oslo Accords, PA security forces operate in partnership with the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), which has included training, cooperation, joint patrols, and intelligence sharing; security makes up one-third of the expenditure of the PA. "Before the PA was established – in other words, when the areas now controlled by the PA were under Israeli control – economic growth was steady and rising among Palestinians. Hakham Balawi said: Despite the criticism against Yasser Arafat, the troubles continued. This includes lawyers’ fees paid directly by the PA and fees paid through the Prisoners Club. This site contains documents, news and links concerning Algeria-UN and US relations. However, the PA president objected and after clashes between Hamas and Fatah, a redeployment of the force was made and efforts started in order to integrate it with the police force. Following years of hostility, secret meetings held in Norway in 1993 between the PLO and Israel led to the signing of the historic Declaration of Principles (the Oslo Accords), in which the two sides agreed to mutual recognition and terms whereby governing functions in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip—occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967—would be progressively handed over to a Palestinian council. Oxford University Press. He organized the funding of the 1972 Munich massacre and is partnered with… Continue reading → [45] In response to the announcement, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu warned that the Authority must choose whether it wants "peace with Israel or peace with Hamas".[44][61]. 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