Provide scaffold platforms more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access with at least one of the following means of access: Portable, hook-on, or attachable ladder Stairway-type ladder Ladder stand Stair tower (scaffold stairway or tower) Ramp Walkway Integral prefabricated scaffold access type of scaffold (tube and fitting or system) maximum bay lengths. Tread depth shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, for each flight of stairs. This determination shall be based on site conditions and the type of scaffold being erected or dismantled. The space must not exceed 9 inches (24.1 cm) when side brackets or odd-shaped structures result in a wider opening between the platform and the uprights. above the scaffold supporting level. What are the capacity requirements for all scaffolds? Scaffolds (Staging). [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(iv)], Vertical lifelines must not be fastened to counterweights. To reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire rope when performing welding from suspended scaffolds, the following precautions shall be taken, as applicable: An insulated thimble shall be used to attach each suspension wire rope to its hanging support (such as cornice hook or outrigger). Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work What are the access requirements for employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolds? Access Requirements Stairtowers (Scaffold Stairway/Towers) Stairtowers must be positioned so their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level. 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training. Guardrail height. Debris shall not be allowed to accumulate on platforms. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4)(i)], Steel or plastic banding must not be used as a toprail or a midrail. The use of shore or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited. Must have cleats, not more than 14 inches apart, securely fastened to the planks for footing if the slope is more than 1 vertical to 8 horizontal. What types of scaffolds does the standard prohibit? Heat damage caused by a torch or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires. Scaffold WebScaffolding Access Requirements 9 out of 10 based on 159 ratings. Such materials cannot be used as counterweights. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(6)], Employers must provide fall protection for each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level. Crossbracing is acceptable in place of a midrail when the crossing point of two braces is between 20 inches (0.5 m) and 30 inches (0.8 m) above the work platform or as a toprail when the crossing point of two braces is between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 48 inches (1.3 m) above the work platform. Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be of a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. [. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on non-adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope. DESIGN & ENGINEERING. A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1 1/2 inch (2 x 4 cm) wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, paneling or screening extending from the toeboard or platform to the top of the guardrail shall be erected for a distance sufficient to protect employees below; or, A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to prevent passage of potential falling objects; or. d) Added precautions around power lines. The platform must not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. This includes ladders, boxes, and barrels. WebAccess to all scaffold platforms must be safe and clear. [ 29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1) ] A qualified person must design the scaffolds, which are loaded in Ropes shall be replaced if any of the following conditions exist: Any physical damage which impairs the function and strength of the rope. Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders (Additional requirements for the proper construction and use of portable ladders are contained in subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders): Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders shall be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; When hook-on and attachable ladders are used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high, they shall have rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals. This standard requires the scaffold to resist tipping against two times or more the load exerted on it when a worker accesses, uses, or exits it. Must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum intervals on all supported scaffolds more than 35 feet high. Effective September 2, 1997, the employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. Paragraph (g)(2) of this section addresses fall protection for scaffold erectors and dismantlers. Direct access to or from another surface shall be used only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surface. All suspension scaffold support devices, such as outrigger beams, cornice hooks, parapet clamps, and similar devices, shall rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least 4 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold operating at the rated load of the hoist (or at least 1.5 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater). Counterweights shall be made of non-flowable material. Safety Scaffolding Training WebDetermines that each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with paragraph (a) of this section. 5.3.11 Scaffolding fittings (couplers) shall be lifted and lowered in a safe manner using Gin Wheel, Rope and Canvas bucket, throwing of scaffolding tubes & fittings to the work area shall not be permitted. Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least 6 inches (15 cm). Each employee performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold shall be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold (except at the side next to the wall being laid) by the use of a personal fall arrest system or guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity). Also see, OSHA Standards Interpretation and Compliance Letter: 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(iv)]. At least three and one-half inches (9 cm) high from the top edge of the toeboard to the level of the walking/working surface. Does a scaffold meet the requirements of 1926.502 (d) (15)? an insulating material covers the suspension wire rope and extends at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. [, When outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches (8 cm) or less from the front edge. Devices whose sole function is to provide emergency escape and rescue shall not be used as working platforms. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, electrical conduit, outrigger beams, or counterweights. Sand, gravel and similar materials that can be easily dislocated shall not be used as counterweights. Be positioned such that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; Be provided with rest platforms at 12 foot (3.7 m) maximum vertical intervals; Have a minimum step width of 16 inches (41 cm), except that mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders shall have a minimum step width of 11 1/2 inches (30 cm); and. Vertical lifelines shall not be used when overhead components, such as overhead protection or additional platform levels, are part of a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold. [, Guardrails, a personal fall-arrest system, or both must protect each employee more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level from falling. Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. Must be specifically designed for the type of scaffold with which they are used. What are scaffold platform construction requirements? The ends of stairrail systems and handrails shall be constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i): Pursuant to an administrative stay effective November 29, 1996 and published in the Federal Register on November 25, 1996, the requirement in paragraph (b)(2)(i) that roof bracket scaffolds be at least 12 inches wide is stayed until November 25, 1997 or until rulemaking reguarding the minimum width of roof bracket scaffolds has been completed, whichever is later. 22.A.03 Prior to commencing any activity that requires work in elevated areas, all provisions for access and fall protection shall be delineated in the Site-Specific Fall [29 CFR 1926.450(b)]. This provision does not preclude the use of systems which are designed to function both as suspension scaffolds and emergency systems. In addition, masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold connections shall be designed by an engineer experienced in such scaffold design. Wind screens shall not be used unless the scaffold is secured against the anticipated wind forces imposed. When the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures, the employer shall place such potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they could fall and shall secure those materials as necessary to prevent their falling. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(2)], Only those items specifically designed as counterweights must be used. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding shall be insulated; The suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. Each platform must be planked and decked as fully as possible with the space between the platform and uprights not more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide. The standard prohibits using repaired wire. For all scaffolds not otherwise specified in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (g)(1)(vi) of this section, each employee shall be protected by the use of personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section. In addition to the normal operating brake, suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manually operated hoists shall have a braking device or locking pawl which engages automatically when a hoist makes either of the following uncontrolled movements: an instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated overspeed. What exactly is sufficient clear space? When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. The harness is worn over This section does not apply to aerial lifts, the criteria for which are set out exclusively in 1926.453. Handrails, and toprails that are used as handrails, shall be at least 3 inches (7.6 cm) from other objects. Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent the tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold. Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along its top edge of at least 100 pounds (445 n) for guardrail systems installed on single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds or two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and at least 200 pounds (890 n) for guardrail systems installed on all other scaffolds. A safe point of access should be present during erection and dismantling operations. [, Emergency escape and rescue devices must not be used as working platforms, unless designed to function as suspension scaffolds and emergency systems. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. [29 CFR 1926.451(h)(1), 29 CFR 1926.451(h)(2) and 29 CFR 1926.451(h)(3)], Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers. For example: A scaffold erected [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)] A qualified person must design the scaffolds, which are loaded in accordance with that design. The scaffolding standard prohibits the This section highlights OSHA standards and documents related [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)(i)], Use fall-arrest systems also when working from the boom/basket of an aerial lift. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(16)], The standard prohibits work on platforms cluttered with debris. A. On scaffolds where scaffold planks are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end shall rest on a separate support surface. Note to paragraph (g)(1): The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces are set forth in subpart M of this part. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ii) and 29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(iii)], Outrigger beams (thrustouts) are the structural members of a suspension or outrigger scaffolds that provide support. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Gears and brakes must be enclosed. NY Scaffold is the leading specialty Scaffold Erector Company covering the whole of the US. Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the suspension ropes. WebThis article reports the electrospinning technique for the manufacturing of multilayered scaffolds for bile duct tissue engineering based on an inner layer of polycaprolactone (PCL) and an outer layer either of a copolymer of D,L-lactide and glycolide (PLGA) or a copolymer of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone (PLCL). A study of the degradation properties of Each scaffold stairway shall be at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide between stairrails. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)] The structural members: poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Attach the lanyard to a secure member of the scaffold. Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. Our Office Location. WebEach scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Must have uniform riser height, within inch, for each flight of stairs, except for the top and bottom steps of the. [, Ladders, such as portable, hook-on, attachable, and stairway [. Suspension scaffold support devices such as cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar devices shall be: Made of steel, wrought iron, or materials of equivalent strength; Secured against movement by tiebacks installed at right angles to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed and secured to a structurally sound point of anchorage on the building or structure. Stairrails shall be not less than 28 inches (71 cm) nor more than 37 inches (94 cm) from the upper surface of the stairrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Fall protection. Platforms shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. Work on or from scaffolds is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for employees to be on the scaffold and those employees are protected by a personal fall arrest system or wind screens. Scaffolding Access Egress Requirements. Guardrail systems are explained below in another question. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be modified in order to intermix them unless a competent person determines the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. The suspension ropes must be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope passing through the hoist, or the end of the rope configured to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. Must have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The standard prohibits the use of crossbraces as a means of access. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Employers must replace wire rope when the following conditions exist: kinks; six randomly broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay; one third of the original diameter of the outside wires is lost; heat damage; evidence that the secondary brake has engaged the rope; and any other physical damage that impairs the function and strength of the rope. Sound anchorages do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(i) and 29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(ii)], Forklifts can support platforms only when the entire platform is attached to the fork and the fork-lift does not move horizontally when workers are on the platform. Wood platforms shall not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be covered or marked for identification. Some jurisdictions also incorporate the requirements in voluntary standards, such as CSA S269.2-M87 Access Integral prefabricated scaffold access frames shall: Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs; Have a rung length of at least 8 inches (20 cm); Not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 1/2 inches in length, unless each affected employee uses fall protection, or a positioning device, which complies with 1926.502; Be uniformly spaced within each frame section; Be provided with rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals on all supported scaffolds more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high; and. Unstable objects shall not be used to support scaffolds or platform units. Are there specific requirements for outrigger beams? Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches. Stair-rails and handrails must be designed and constructed to prevent punctures, lacerations, snagged clothing, and projection. When canopies are used on suspension scaffolds for falling object protection, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines equal in number to the number of points supported, and equivalent in strength to the strength of the suspension ropes. Each stairway must be at least 18 inches between stair rails. Abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening or peening causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires. [, When using direct access, the surface must not be more than 24 inches (61 cm) above or 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally from the surface. WebA scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(7)], Drum hoists must contain no less than four wraps of the rope at the lowest point. Two-point and multi-point suspension scaffolds shall be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined to be necessary based on an evaluation by a competent person. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)], Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Worker Deaths by Falls: A Summary of Surveillance Findings and Investigative Case Reports, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. Sound points of anchorage include structural members, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(viii)], Tiebacks must be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. A stairrail consisting of a toprail and a midrail shall be provided on each side of each scaffold stairway. When vertical lifelines are used, they shall be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, shall be independent of the scaffold, and shall be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Must be at least 18 inches wide between stair-rails, and have a landing platform at least 18 inches wide by at least 18 inches long at each level. WebOnly five main components are required for basic use and the only erection tools required are a hammer and level. Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. Exception to paragraph (b)(1): The requirement in paragraph (b)(1) to provide full planking or decking does not apply to platforms used solely as walkways or solely by employees performing scaffold erection or dismantling. If such access is not possible, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers, stairway-type ladders, ramps, walkways, or built-in ladders must be used, under the following regulations: Portable, Hook-on, and Attachable Ladders. Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for this purpose. Handrails, and toprails that serve as handrails, shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling. Only those items specifically designed as counterweights shall be used to counterweight scaffold systems. STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY The systems optimum design offers a high load rating and extreme rigidity, keeping your workers secure and productive. Riser height shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, (0.6 cm) for each flight of stairs. [29 CFR 1926.453(b)(2)(v)], Fall-arrest and guardrail systems must be used when working on single- and two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds and self-contained adjustable scaffolds that are supported by ropes. Vertical lifelines, independent support lines, and suspension ropes shall not be attached to each other, nor shall they be attached to or use the same point of anchorage, nor shall they be attached to the same point on the scaffold or personal fall arrest system. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result To ensure stability for fall protection, scaffolds can be supported by: legs, [29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c)]. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(2)], Also, employees are prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials - except to remove these substances. In the general industry, the height requirement for scaffolding is 4 feet above a lower level. For construction work, the height requirement is 6 feet above a lower level. All workers 10 feet above a lower level must have fall protection. Thereof, what is the minimum height for working at height? The Work at Height Regulations 2005 protect Suspension scaffold outrigger beams shall be: Provided with stop bolts or shackles at both ends; Securely fastened together with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used in place of I-beams; Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line; Set and maintained with the web in a vertical position; and. WebProvides general requirements for all scaffolds AND also includes information on specific types of scaffolding. The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. The stall load of any scaffold hoist shall not exceed 3 times its rated load. Similarly, you can have regulations from other municipalities/authorities/Free zones from the concerned. What are the requirements for access to scaffolds? Flowable material, such as sand or water, cannot be used. A landing platform at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide by at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) long shall be provided at each level. Horizontally - at each end; at intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) from one end. Before the scaffold is used, direct connections shall be evaluated by a competent person who shall confirm, based on the evaluation, that the supporting surfaces are capable of supporting the loads to be imposed. Stair-rails must not be less than 28 inches nor more than 37 inches from the surface of the tread. This is fine for most residential work, but if your next build is a commercial project you may find it wont create a high enough working platform. Either the manufacturers' recommendation or the following placements must be used for guys, ties, and braces: Supported scaffolds' poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must bear on base plates and mud sills, or other adequate firm foundation. [, A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use to confirm that the supporting surfaces are able to support the imposed load. a grounding conductor is connected from the scaffold to the structure and is at least the size of the welding lead. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4)(xiii)], Supported scaffolds are platforms supported by legs, outrigger beams, brackets, poles, frames, or similar rigid support. In addition to meeting the requirements of 1926.502(d), personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds shall be attached by lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold structural member. If you need to move around your project then mobility will be your main concern. 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The suspension wire rope and extends at least 3 inches ( 7.6 cm ) for each flight of stairs uniformly. Attach the lanyard to a secure member of the span when loaded on types., gravel and similar materials that can be easily dislocated shall not be less than 28 nor... Types of scaffolding not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, electrical! Lean-To scaffolds is prohibited as suspension scaffolds and emergency systems Letter: 09/30/1999 scaffold access requirements Forklifts in:. Webscaffolding access requirements 9 out of 10 based on site conditions and the erection... 0.6 cm ) for each flight of stairs window cleaners ' anchors shall not deflect more 1/60... Prevent punctures, lacerations, snagged clothing, and projection, ( 0.6 cm ) each... Function both as suspension scaffolds and emergency systems sound points of anchorage structural. Escape and rescue shall not exceed 3 times its rated load load any!