The Charleston Gazette of February 1972 reporting on the early flood death total, with front-page photo of damaged homes thrown about on the valley floor. Arnold and Porter gave Pittston a $32.5 million written settlement proposal. From chaos to responsibility The litigation initiated by the 625 survivors of the Buffalo Creek flood who refused to settle with the coal company claims office was a landmark case. 12, No. (WCHS) MAN, W.Va. (WCHS) . One retired coal miner who survived the flood, but who lost his wife, daughter and granddaughter in the disaster, explained what he experienced in one. The Buffalo Creek disaster, however, did galvanize concern about strip mining and coal safety in Congress, and helped to spur passage of regulatory bills on the House side during Congressional debate in the early 1970s. Jack Doyle, Buffalo Creek Disaster: 1972, A Buffalo Creek native, Victor M. Depta, gets at this idea of recurring tragedy in a 1973 poem, written not long after the flood. Tempers flared there as one local man tore into Randolph. and damage claims. But following a bitter labor strike in 1989, and the declining profitability of its minerals division throughout the 1990s, Pittston began to wind down its coal operations. At the time of Pittstons acquisition of Buffalo Mining, Dam No. Map Feature: Coal Ash Contaminated Sites & Hazard Dams (U.S.), EarthJustice.org. The pool was within three feet of the crest of the dam, and ominous cracks appeared. Some residents in the area, especially those who lived in the town of Saunders, located in the valley directly below the dams, had worried for years about the dams strength. In a court statement later, Mr. Staten recounted his travail and losing his wife: When I looked back and saw her she said, Take care of my baby.Thats the last time I saw her., Mr. Staten and his son, meanwhile, swept along in the water, were struggling to save themselves. The Buffalo Creek flood was a disaster that occurred on February 26, 1972, when the Pittston Coal Company's coal slurry impoundment dam #3, located on a hillside in Logan County, West Virginia, burst, four days after having been declared 'satisfactory' by a federal mine inspector. 281-298, Appalachian Journal, Vol. Map of Buffalo Creek communities in 1972 shown with disaster summary inset. Davitt McAteer's book on the 1907 Monongah mine disaster. (HTTP response code 503). February 1972. State officials requested a few minor alterations to the impoundment. Hall also asked Pittston But the dam pools, and the dumping of the solid slag wastes on the dam structures, were both essentially cost-saving, cheapest-way-to-do-it coal industry practices. The tragedy resulted in a $13.5 million class action settlement, and led to the 1973 Dam . Disaster at Buffalo Creek Health and safety engineer Jack Spadaro was teaching at West Virginia University when the disaster occurred. A wave from the waste dam flooded and destroyed the Buffalo Creek community [2]. Click to visit that site. Gallery: The Buffalo Creek Flood, Herald-Dispatch.com, February 26, 2014. West Virginia Department of Arts, Culture and History. February 1971Dam #3 collapsed. ensued. On Saturday, victims were being remembered at the same high school that served as a temporary morgue 50 years ago. But West Virginia newspapers in the area were covering the tragedy closely, as the grim business of accounting for the dead, injured, and homeless continued. At approximately 8 a.m., a coal waste dam collapsed on the Middle Fork of Buffalo Creek, releasing 132 million gallons of water, coal refuse, and silt into the narrow mountain valley. But the disaster will never be forgotten. When the water set it down again, it just flattened out on the ground. In 1973, the West Virginia Legislature passed the Dam Control Act, regulating all dams in the state. State officials requested a few minor alterations to the impoundment. The Buffalo Creek disaster is the best example of a tragedy centered on environmental injustice where the minority ethnic groups and low . Erikson, a Yale professor when he arrived in Buffalo Creek, is one such outsider, having no connection to the region until he was brought in as an expert witness. ofBMC. If a person is so often treated as trash, they may come to believe they are nothing but trash. I teach it. Mimi Pickering, my wife, made two documentary films about the disaster. (the diversity amount-in-controversy amount at the time). At a protest meeting held in the Buffalo Grade School in Accoville a month after the flood, an older woman stood up and shouted out: Ive lived up at the top of the hollow for a long time. Homes were left in splinters Railroad tracks yanked up and twisted. WV. April 1, 1974Pittston moved to dismiss absent plaintiffs, plaintiffs claiming U.S. General Accounting Office, Delayed Redevelopment was Reasonable after Flood Disaster in West Virginia, Report of the Comptroller of the United States, Washington, DC: 1976. One resident had even written to the governor a few years earlier saying if something wasnt done about the dams, were all going to be washed away.We saw the water lift up our house. Men and women, children and animals were floating in that high wall of water.. Somewhere down in this valley I was born, Breiding sings on the album, adopting the persona of a fourth-generation coal miner who never left home. Jules Loh, Associated Press, Buffalo Creek Hollow: A Nice Place to Live Then The Flood, March 5, 1972. At 8 a.m. on Feb. 26, 1972, 130 million gallons of water and coal sludge burst through a dam, poured into Buffalo Creek, and violently surged through 16 . That year, the Buffalo Creek Watershed Association was formed. I'm interested in (please check all that apply). Last updated on December 30, 2015. Part of that is to tell the survivors' story, to make it impossible . Jack Spadaro, a mine safety investigator and environmental specialist, has made it his life's work to prevent such disasters from happening again. JSTOR is a digital library for scholars, researchers, and students. Your access to this service has been limited. 1966A United Kingdom coal-waste dump in South Aberfam, Wales similar Since our founding in 1986, we have established ourselves as the premier resource for information about OCD and related disorders, as well as the nexus of a broad international community of. Buffalo Creek, West Virginia Division of Culture and History, 2012. EPA has made hazard ratings for hundreds of coal combustion waste ponds and impoundments in the U.S., ranking them for the public safety dangers and environmental risks they would pose in the event of failure. I seen trees, logs, cars, slate, slush, you name it and it was in that.. about her fears that the dam would collapse. Porterfield described a makeshift morgue set up at the local junior high school, likening it to the famous scene from Gone with the Wind in which Scarlett OHara stands astonished looking upon a sea of battlefield casualties. May 1, 1974Discovery deadline. From 1962 to 1972, three dams were built in on the middle fork of Buffalo Creek in Logan County. Thanks for visiting and if you like what you find here, please make a donation to help support the research and writing at this website. Both the Governors Commission and the Citizens Commission set about their investigations, and each group began holding public hearings and collecting information regarding the disaster. November 1968Consolidation Coal Company mine explosion at Farmington, After then-president of the United Mine Workers Union, Arnold Miller and others were rebuffed by Gov. Set during the Polish-Soviet War of 19191920, Babels novel captured the indiscriminate violence and injustice of warfare. One resident at the scene, later quoted in in Kai T. Eriksons book. Buffalo Creek Coal Mine, Logan County, WV Written at SFSU in 2017 About 45 years ago, at the U.S.' coal mining peak, the country had one of its worst mining-related disasters at Buffalo Creek, Logan County, West Virginia [1]. They were filled to capacity, holding tons of coal wastewater. 1912The C&O Railroad build the first spur line by Buffalo Creek. A separate settlement for survivors amounted to about $13,000 per plaintiff. Young details the harm of negative Appalachian stereotypes. When the water set it down again, it just flattened out on the ground. But his youngest son and daughter and his wife were among the missing. a vote of 12 million Buffalo Creek, whose habitat was destroyed along a 17-mile (27-kilometer) stretch, is teeming with trout again, after a steady, coordinated effort by Harvey and others to get back what they once had and share it with future generations. In addition to coal waste dams used in mining and coal washing operations, there are also more than 1,400 coal ash impoundments used mostly at or near coal-fired powerplants in the U.S. In an out of court settlement, the survivors were awarded $13.5 million, $6 million of which was distributed on the basis of a point system as compensation for the psychological damages. The first coal mining in the Buffalo Creek watershed dated to the 1910s when a few coal camps small mining towns sprang up following the first rail lines into the area to exploit the coal there. It would just go from one hillside to the other. Buffalo Creek Disaster; however, I have concentrated on the parts of the book that offered me the most insight in terms of procedural strategy. Approximately $5.5 million was provided for property and wrongful-death damages, with approximately $8 million for the psychic impairment claims. Click for copy. Youve still got your church. 3 failed at 8 a.m., releasing millions of gallons of water into Dam No. Invalid password or account does not exist. Three days later, on February 25, with heavy rain, the water behind dam No. The Buffalo Creek Flood and Disaster: Official Report From the Governors Ad Hoc Commission of Inquiry, 1973 (as posted at: wvculture.org). hearings, 91 witnesses, and 2,000 pages of transcript that Pittston has shown Betty Dotson-Lewis / Brian Sewell, The Day Baby Brucie Died: An Oral History of the Buffalo Creek Flood, The Appalachian Voice, February 27, 2012. April 16, 1971WVDNR Inspector recommended an emergency spillway on Dam Still other operations use injection techniques to pump various coal wastes underground. All we had was the clothes on our backs and I prep, I put back not a lot of food, but as much as Janet (his wife) will let me, and I prepare for nuclear war. Most of Buffalo Creek was previously owned by the Popp family, who ran a dairy farm before converting to grain crops such as soybeans, wheat and corn. The Buffalo Creek . Roland Staten, a coal miner who had managed to jump off of his house as it was being carried away by the rushing waters, held on to his son as he jumped. (Rockefeller would later be elected governor and U.S. Senator Ed Muskie (D-NH) in one photo, then running for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination, shown campaigning ahead of the New Hampshire primary. 3/4 (SPRING/SUMMER 2009), pp. 1. 3 was being filled at a rate of about 1,000 tons of refuse a day, carried from the coal preparation plant to the dam in 30-ton trucks. However, in this case, Dam No. February 22A federal mine inspector andBMCsafety engineer of Inquiry into the Buffalo Creek Floods documents. 201 12th StS Headlines from an Associated Press story reporting that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- also testifying at U.S. Senate hearings -- found the the Pittston Coal Co. dam above Buffalo Creek was "doomed from the start.". Buffalo Creek Disaster include (Erikson, 1976): Prosecuting the Buffalo Mining Pittston Company in front of a grand jury for their negligence The state suing the company for the damages to roads and brides Various government branches penalizing the company for pollution and unsafe mining practices. amzn_assoc_linkid = "97ba3d2dfe21cb80a887e1d63f028ef6"; Associated Press, 37 Killed as Flood Sweeps A Valley in West Virginia, New York Times, Sunday, February 27, 1972, p. 1. from [any] overflow from the lake.. Railroad rails were twisted, cars were everywhere, bridges were on the roads instead of over the creek.. September 2, 1972West Virginia Ad Hoc Commission of Inquiry into the March 1972Arnold & Porter agreed to represent the Buffalo Creek Citizens Committee in a lawsuit against Pittston. amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "manual"; Vintage. The dams were not designed or constructed in accordance with then-current engineering standards. February 26, 2022, marks the 50th anniversary of one of the most devastating mine disasters in U.S. history. Three coal waste dams in West Virginia failed, killing 125 people and injuring 1,100 more in communities downstream of the dams. This mining activity, though in the past, had stripped away the water-absorbing forest undergrowth, thus increasing surface run-off during heavy precipitation. No evidence of an act of God was found by the Commission. M. S. TERN, T . Looking back at the Buffalo Creek Disaster. The association bought habitat structures to further help form the pools that trout prefer. Saturday marks 50 years since the Buffalo Creek Disaster in Logan County. The commission consisted of nine men with ties to the coal industryor a vested interest in proving that Pittston Coal and state regulating agencies were not responsible. Still highly regarded today, a 2011 paper in the Asian Journal of Social Science refers to Eriksons book as a classic piece on the sociological study of post-disaster societies., Some, however, have taken issue with Eriksons work and, on a larger scale, with outsiders views of Appalachia. A separate settlement for survivors amounted to about $13,000 per plaintiff. Buffalo Creek Disaster marks 47th anniversary Logan Banner On Feb. 26, 1972, a coal waste dam collapsed on the Middle Fork of Buffalo Creek, releasing 132 million gallons of water, coal refuse and silt into the narrow mountain valley. 3 on the Middle Fork was born out of the age-old practice in the coal fields of disposing of waste material and was constructed without utilizing technology developed for earthen dams and without using or consulting with professional persons qualified to design and build such a structure. February 26, 2022, was the 50th anniversary of the Buffalo Creek Flood in West Virginia that killed 125 people and left 4,000 homeless. Although influential, the book overlooks the impressive resiliency and advocacy demonstrated by many survivors within the community. But these werent the only investigations; there were also several others, including: one or more Congressional committees, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Department of the Interior, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The gathering has become somewhat of a tradition held every year minus last year at the library by retired director Liz Tackett. The second commission, the Citizens Commission, was established to counter this bias. Ive got uranium and all kinds of radioactive stuff in my bedroom. And I aint never seen God up there driving no bulldozer dumping slate on that dam. Her remarks won applause from most everyone in the room. Somewhere along there I lost that boy of mine. The Buffalo Creek Disaster Memorial, located in Kistler, WV, stands as a reminder of one of the darkest hours in West Virginia history. 27, No. Click here to stay informed and subscribe to. He said he feels his experience with the flood is what led him to lead that lifestyle. The dams, built of coal slag wastes, were then owned by the Pittston Coal Company. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Children walk along the tracks in what remains of their community along Buffalo Creek on Feb. 27, 1972, The people are prisoners of the coal industry.. For the flood that followed the collapse of West Virginia's Buffalo Creek Dam in 1972like the one in Idahowas a manmade "natural disaster." It killed 125 people and left hundreds of coal. Scholarship on the disaster also helps us get to know the peoplethe victims, the survivorsinvolved. Wordfence is a security plugin installed on over 4 million WordPress sites. list is late. Im a bit of a prepper, Hall said, and that flood I think done it, because I dont never want to be caught again with nothing. The Buffalo Creek Disaster: The Story of the Survivors' Unprecedented Lawsuit, New York, Random House, 1976. As part of its more definite statement, Arnold & Porter filed with the court 2 (Jan., 1978), pp. November 14, 1970: Marshall University football team killed in plane crash. amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "thpohidill-20"; At a protest meeting held in the Buffalo Grade School in Accoville a month after the flood, an older woman stood up and shouted out: Ive lived up at the top of the hollow for a long time. a claims office in Buffalo Creek.Pittston moved for summary judgment because Pittston That failure sent 300 million gallons of liquid coal waste tearing through the underground mine chambers, then spewing out of mountainside portals into valley streams below. University of Illinois Press on behalf of the Appalachian Studies Association, Inc. Journal of American Studies, Vol. June 4, 1974Proposed representative plaintiff lists from both sides due. As of February 1st, 1972, dam No. Barbara Brunty watched from higher ground with her 3-year-old daughter as their home was swept away along with the girls Christmas presents: a toy motorcycle, a kitchen set and a Chatty Cathy doll. Buffalo Creek Flood, 1972, Online Exhibit /Special Collections, Marshall University, 2002. They also worried about the mining practice of dumping coal mining slag or gob coal mining waste into the dams. By March 2, Republican Governor Arch Moore announced the formation of an Ad Hoc Commission of Inquiry to investigate the flood. Chronology of a Disaster, BuffaloCreek Flood.org. Moore regarding their request that a coal miner be added to the commission, a separate Citizens Commission was formed to provide an independent review of the disaster. November 7, 1980: Ferrell coal mine disaster. Coal waste dumping had gone on there for decades, up in the hills, at the headwaters of the Buffalo Creek. Article Citation: who live near coal-refuse impoundments.. The state of West Virginia also sued Pittston for $100 million for disaster and relief damages, but Governor Arch A. Moore settled that case for just $1 million three days before leaving office in 1977. Why Theyve Got West Virginians Worried, YesMagazine.org, April 23, 2015. Mining industry-related incidents are a longstanding reality for the residents of West Virginia, Young writes, echoing the sentiments Ralph Nader expressed decades earlier. 0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) 1969Congress enacted the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act. 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