[37] The Palestinians achieved self-governance of major cities in the West Bank and the entire Gaza Strip. [5] In fact, Pedahzur goes as far as to say that suicide terrorism succeeded where peace negotiations failed in encouraging withdrawal by Israelis from cities in the West Bank. Both sides stated their support. The violence in May 2021 between Israelis and Palestinians was the latest deadly eruption of a decadeslong conflict that has proved immune to attempts at forging a [97], In February 2020, on the sidelines of the Munich Security Conference, the foreign ministers of Egypt, France, German and Jordan, the Munich Group, together discussed peace efforts. The demonstrations come as Tunisian President Kais Saied depicts opponents and foreigners as threats to national security. Martin Indyk of the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C. was appointed by the US to oversee the negotiations. [65] Netanyahu replied to Abbas' April letter less than a week later and, for the first time, officially recognised the right for Palestinians to have their own state, though as before[66] he declared it would have to be demilitarised,[67] and said his new national unity government furnished a new opportunity to renew negotiations and move forward.[68]. What will another year of war look like? [35] The talks continued in Washington, DC, but yielded only few results. ", "Obama: Differences with Netanyahu are not personality clashes. (Our map provides for Israeli annexation of 2.25 percent of the West Bank in exchange for full territorial compensation for lands currently under Israeli sovereignty.). This plan would lead to the Israeli militarys withdrawal from the West Bank and recognition of a Palestinian state and facilitate the fulfillment of Palestinian self-determination. Public declarations of claims to a Jewish homeland in Palestine, All these actions should be done in agreement with Jordan and the Palestinian population. Halliday, F., 'The Middle East in International Relations', (Cambridge, 2005), p. 307. Regarding Jerusalem the leaders agreed that Jewish neighborhoods should remain under Israeli sovereignty, while Arab neighborhoods would revert to Palestinian sovereignty. For them, in lieu of such clarifications, Olmert's 6.36.8% annexation might work out closer to 8.5%, 4 times the 1.9% limit the Palestinians argued a swap should not exceed. At worst, it has been little more than a slogan used to mask the marking of time.[2]. now's the time to act. Direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians began on 29 July 2013 following an attempt by United States Secretary of State John Kerry to restart the peace process. What we expect to change, with the consent of both parties, is the border regime and the extent of freedom of movement of people and goods. [120] It was met with bitter denunciation by the Israeli government and many Palestinians, with the Palestinian Authority staying non-committal, but it was warmly welcomed by many European governments and some significant elements of the Bush Administration, including Secretary of State Colin Powell. [101][102], On 11 January 2021, the group met in Cairo to discuss "possible steps to advance the peace process in the Middle East and create an environment conducive to the resumption of dialogue between the Palestinians and the Israelis." Whether youre a lifelong resident of D.C. or you just moved here, weve got you covered. Over the years, constructive proposals for addressing all of these issues have been offeredboth by third parties (such as former U.S. President Bill Clintons parameters from December 2000 and U.S. Secretary of State John Kerrys proposals from 2014) and by Palestinians and Israelis in their official and unofficial capacities (such as the understandings between Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and one of us in 1995; the Geneva Initiative of 2003; and the short Ami Ayalon-Sari Nusseibeh agreement, also in 2003). Even if Moscow holds onto territory, the war has wrecked its future. She has been a legal advisor to Palestinian delegations in negotiations with Israel. The broad principles of a permanent solution are now agreed upon by many, and they were implicitly endorsed in 2016 in U.N. Security Council Resolution 2334, which called for a return to the pre-1967 border with equal land swaps and cessation of settlement activity and encouraged final-status negotiations. It is mainly designed to foster efforts in the private sector, once governments provide the initial investment and facilities. [20] However, there remain some activists on the Palestinian side who claim that there are still some positive signs on the Palestinian side, and that Israel should use these to cultivate some positive interactions with the Palestinians, even in spite of Hamas's basic opposition to the existence of the Jewish State. There are numerous issues to resolve before a lasting peace can be reached, including the following: From the Israeli perspective, a key concern is security, and whether the major Palestinian figures and institutions are in fact trying to fight terrorism and promote tolerance and co-existence with Israel. Declaration. An Israeli-Palestinian Confederation Is the Best Path to Peace. let alone encouraged a resumption of Israeli Mark Tessler, "The IsraeliPalestinian Conflict," in Ellen Lust (ed. This is in accordance with the principle of the two-state solution, first proposed in the 1980s. By registering you agree to the terms and conditions. Download the FP mobile app to read anytime, anywhere. The second is that even if the Holy Land Confederation doesnt last or security and economic arrangements change, some of its features are designed to live on: the border between the two states, the legal status of citizens of one state who are residents in the other, the division of Jerusalem into two capitals, and, of course, the solution to the Palestinian refugee issue. As in the EU, both groups of permanent residents, Israeli and Palestinian, would vote in their respective national elections (the country of citizenship), rather than their country of residence. Send me The Times of Israel Daily Edition. Championed by Edward Said and New York University professor Tony Judt, the suggestion aroused both interest and condemnation. It was within this context that the United Nations passed Security Council Resolution 2334 in December 2016 in another bid to address the settlement question. [113][99], As of 16 September 2020, the UN has not been able to gather the consensus necessary for the Quartet or a group of countries linked to the Quartet to meet. [122] Furthermore, negotiations to attain agreement on the "final status" have been interrupted due to outbreak of hostilities. [52] The centerpiece of Olmert's detailed proposal is the suggested permanent border, which would be based on an Israeli withdrawal from most of the West Bank. Israel insisted on retaining an armed presence in the future Palestinian state. Delivered Monday-Saturday. the West Bank, but this differs by approximately 5 percentage points from the Palestinian definition. The Holy Land Confederation plan comes from Hiba Husseini, former legal adviser to Palestinian negotiators; Yossi Beilin, one of the Israeli architects of the Oslo process; and a team of other Palestinian and Israeli experts. The lack of clarity about what happens after agreement is reached will result in insurmountable pressures on Abbas to demand immediate implementation. In addition to these measures, this approach seeks to address the consequences of the 1948 war in two ways. [121], A common feature of all attempts to create a path which would lead to peace is the fact that more often than not promises to carry out "good will measures" were not carried out by both sides. The Trump administration further raised Palestinians' ire when it moved the US embassy to Jerusalem in May 2018, and cut hundreds of millions of dollars in annual aid to the Palestinians, citing the PA's refusal to take part in the administration's peace initiative. Palestinians rejected the proposals immediately. A cease-fire went into effect on October 25, 1973. 49. The answer is that statements made today do not necessarily indicate tomorrows actions. Click + to receive email alerts when new stories are published on. He said that Abbas cannot have peace with both Hamas and Israel and has to choose. Palestine, as a state, would be able to accede to international conventions and bring legal action against Israel on various matters. As we read in radio1: Sergey Lavrov said that Russia is ready to organize negotiations between Baku and Yerevan Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Russia can organize negotiations between Azerbaijan There are also various economic and political restrictions placed on Palestinian people, activities, and institutions which have had a detrimental effect on the Palestinian economy and quality of life. Israeli center-right leaders, who are worried about a situation in which a Jewish minority dominates a Palestinian majority to the west of the Jordan River but are hesitant about an Israeli withdrawal from geographic areas that have historical significance for Jews, may see the confederation as a desirable solution for their dilemma. Such an agreement would not entail implementation. Netanyahu declared a tit-for-tat policy which he termed "reciprocity," whereby Israel would not engage in the peace process if Arafat continued with what Netanyahu defined as the Palestinian revolving door policy, i.e., incitement and direct or indirect support of terrorism. As a result, the Israeli government publicly stated that peace couldn't exist even if both sides signed the agreement, due to the stance taken by Hamas and Hezbollah. All recent US Presidents have maintained a policy that Israel must give up some of the land that it conquered in the 1967 war in order to achieve peace;[14] that the Palestinians must actively prevent terrorism; and that Israel has an unconditional right to exist. [30][31] UN resolution 242 was accepted by Israel, Jordan, and Egypt, but rejected by Syria until 19721973. Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres welcomed it and said, " the details of every peace plan must be discussed directly between Israel and the Palestinians, and to make this possible, the Palestinian Authority must put an end to terror, the horrifying expression of which we witnessed just last night in Netanya",[50] referring to the Netanya suicide attack perpetrated on the previous evening which the Beirut Summit failed to address. It was signed by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat. However, from the Israeli point of view, the Palestinians are not ready to create a stable state, such an implementation process will almost guarantee instability in the Palestinian areas with a possible Hamas takeover as happened in Gaza.[128]. The Holy Land Confederation would allow tens of thousands of citizens of each state to live on the other side of the border as permanent residents. Senker, C, 'the ArAb-Israeli Conflict', (UK, 2004) pp. Thus, an Israeli offer of 91% (of 5,538 sq. [21], A further concern is whether, as a result of this security argument, Israel will in fact allow the Palestinian community to emerge as a viable and sovereign political unit, a viable and contiguous state. ", "American Jews More Right than Left on the Peace Process", "The death of the Israel-Palestine two-state solution brings fresh hope,", "Report of the Secretary-General Under Security Council Resolution 331 (1973) of 20 April 1973", History of failed peace talks (BBC, 26 November 2007), "Response of FM Peres to the decisions of the Arab Summit in Beirut 28-Mar-2002", PA rejects Olmert's offer to withdraw from 93% of West Bank (Haaretz, 12 August 2008), Israel Agrees to Truce with Hamas on Gaza, Full text of Netanyahu's foreign policy speech at Bar Ilan, "Obama Opens Long-Shot Talks on Mideast Peace", "In Middle East Peace Talks, Clinton Faces a Crucial Test", "Palestinians Restate Demands to Netanyahu", "Abbas ready to engage with Israel but says settlement building 'destroying hope', "Netanyahu backs demilitarized Palestinian state", "PM promises Abbas a demilitarized Palestinian state", "Netanyahu to Abbas: Israeli unity cabinet is a new opportunity for Mideast peace", "Obama welcomes renewal of Israeli-Palestinian talks, but says 'hard choices' lie ahead", "Hamas rejects Kerry's announcement: Abbas has no authority to negotiate", "Peace talks set to begin after Israel agrees to free 104 Palestinian prisoners", US peace envoy to come to Israel next week, 'US denies dismantling peace negotiators team,', "Hamas and Fatah unveil Palestinian reconciliation deal", Sanctions and suspended talks Israel responds to Palestinian reconciliation, "PLO, Hamas unity constitute reuniting West Bank and Gaza: Ban Ki-moon", Israel begins implementing economic sanctions against Palestinians, Abbas Renews Threat to Dissolve Palestinian Authority if Peace Talks Fail, Abbas to Submit 'Surprising' Proposal to Kerry, Abbas Peace Plan Calls for Israeli Withdrawal Within 3 Years, Report: Abbas peace plan calls for Israeli withdrawal from West Bank, Abbas' peace plan: Israeli withdrawal from West Bank within three years, Abu Mazen's Three-Year Peace Plan for Israel, Abbas: If Security Council bid fails, we may end security cooperation with Israel, "Israel freezes Palestinian funds in response to ICC bid", "Palestinians to ban sale of products from 6 major Israeli companies", At UN, Abbas threatens to nix agreements with Israel if West Bank land annexed, "Participation of Jean-Yves Le Drian in the Munich Security Conference Declaration by the Spokesperson of the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (15-16 Feb.20)", "A New 'Quartet' for Israeli-Palestinian Peace", "Joint Statement of the Foreign Ministers of France, Germany, Egypt and Jordan (7 Jul. [59][60] The aim of the talks was to forge the framework of a final agreement within one year, although general expectations of a success were fairly low. The foreign ministers said they "discussed how to restart a fruitful engagement between the Israeli and the Palestinian side, and offer our support in facilitating a path to negotiations". And how might that be impacting the world? Thats intended to remove whats popularly perceived to be the main roadblock to a two-state agreement. [124] Lastly, rhetoric from high-ranking Fatah officials promising a full, literal Palestinian right of return into Israel (a position no Israeli government can accept without destroying the Jewish character of Israel) makes peace negotiations more difficult for both sides. The proposition removed the "temporarily Israeli controlled" areas from the West Bank and offered a few thousand more refugees than they offered at Camp David to settle into Israel and hoped that this would be considered "implementation" of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194. According to our proposal, every four years (at a minimum) the two governments will meet to explore further liberalization of the border regime and related issues. ProQuest. [38] The Israeli prime minister offered the Palestinian leader between 91%[note 1] and 95%[39][40] (sources differ on the exact percentage) of the West Bank and the entire Gaza Strip if 69 Jewish settlements (which comprise 85% of the West Bank's Jewish settlers) be ceded to Israel. [44][46] In the months following the summit, Clinton appointed former US Senator George J. Mitchell to lead a fact-finding committee that later published the Mitchell Report. [citation needed] Egypt brokered the 2008 IsraelHamas ceasefire, which lasted half a year beginning on 19 June 2008 and lasted until 19 December 2008. The key word in the title is confederation.. In early 2018, some media sources reported the new administration was preparing a new peace initiative for an Israeli-Palestinian deal. In May of that year, according to Nathan Thrall, Israel had offered Palestinians 66% of the West Bank, with 17% annexed to Israel, and a further 17% not annexed but under Israeli control, and no compensating swap of Israeli territory. In June 2009, reacting to US President Barack Obama's Cairo Address,[38] Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared for the first time[55] conditional support for a future Palestinian state[56] but insisted that the Palestinians would need to make reciprocal gestures and accept several principles: recognition of Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people;demilitarization of a future Palestinian state, along with additional security guarantees, including defensible borders for Israel;[57] Palestinian would also have to accept that Jerusalem would remain the united capital of Israel, and renounce their claim to a right of return. For its part, Washington has made a series of policy choices over the last few years that can be summed Show moreup as tough on Beijing, even seeking to contain the rise of the worlds second-biggest economy. The plan called for independent actions by Israel and the Palestinian Authority, with disputed issues put off until a rapport can be established. [127] The idea was to disengage the linkage between negotiations and actions on the ground. Its signing is also closely linked with the efforts to create peace between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization representing the Palestinian Authority. Delivered Wednesday. Proposed in the fall of 2000 following the collapse of the Camp David talks, The Clinton Parameters included a plan on which the Palestinian State was to include 94-96% of the West Bank, and around 80% of the settlers were to become under Israeli sovereignty, and in exchange for that, Israel would concede some territory (so called 'Territory Exchange' or 'Land Swap') within the Green Line (1967 borders). The US was therefore compelled to re-focus on eliminating the threat posed by the stance of Hamas and Hezbollah as part of the direct talk progress. km near Latrun), post-1967 East Jerusalem (71 sq. It would stay on the shelf but eventually will guide the implementation. In order to aid Sudans struggling economy, end its pariah status, and act as a motivator to normalize relations with Israel, the Trump administration removed Sudan from that list in 2020. [123] According to the Israeli view, this limits the ability of the Palestinians to make peace with Israel and enforce it over the long term. [85], On 3 September 2014, Abbas presented a new proposal for the peace process to John Kerry. The treaty normalized relations between the two countries and resolved territorial disputes between them. Argument: Jordan, like Egypt, is bound by a peace treaty with Israel. Sewage spilled on one side of the border-to-be flows to the other side, and avian flu that breaks out in chicken houses on one side will likely spread to the other. Weekly update on developments in India and its neighbors. The approach is not zero-sum for either sidebut could serve as a facilitator for realizing long-stated desired outcomes for separation without detracting from either sides historic attachment to the land. Indyk served as U.S. ambassador to Israel and assistant secretary of state for Near East affairs during the Clinton administration. [36] The agreement, officially titled the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (DOP), was signed on the White House lawn on 13 September 1993. The leaders of the United States and Israel, President Biden and Prime Minister Lapid, met in Jerusalem on 14 July 2022, and adopted the following Joint [81] Shortly after, Israel began implementing economic sanctions against Palestinians and canceled plans to build housing for Palestinians in Area C of the West Bank. [16] Secretary of State Hillary Clinton thought that peace can only be achieved through direct, bilateral negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians. Is the United States becoming protectionist? [99][100], Meeting in Jordan on 24 September the four again called for a resumption of negotiations between the two sides. Western pundits often admire autocrats for getting things done. Is the Biden administrations China policy too hawkish? Efforts to resolve the IsraeliPalestinian conflict, Major current issues between the two sides, ArabIsraeli peace diplomacy and treaties, Camp David 2000 Summit, Clinton's "Parameters," and the Taba talks, The Arab peace initiative and the Roadmap (2002/3), IsraeliPalestinian talks in 2007 and 2008. Furthermore, the identification of 'Palestinian' with 'terrorist' can be construed as problematic, and Sayigh argues that this association is used as a rationale for maintaining the status quo, and that only by recognising the status of Jewish immigrants as 'settlers' can we conceptually move forwards. [24] However, it is the case that the Palestinian resort to militancy has made such conceptual clarity difficult to achieve. WebMore than 3,000 guests witnessed the signing of a historic peace treaty between Israel and Palestine on the South Lawn of the White House. Israeli concerns are based on abundant documentary and empirical evidence of many Palestinian leaders having in fact promoted and supported terrorist groups and activities. Slater, J., 2001, "What Went Wrong? The Elon Peace Plan is a solution for the Arab-Israeli conflict proposed in 2002 by former minister Binyamin Elon. [27] Interest in a one-state solution is growing, however, as the two-state approach fails to accomplish a final agreement. 49). While the slow moving Madrid talks were taking place, a series of secret meetings between Israeli and Palestinian negotiators were taking place in Oslo, Norway, which resulted in the 1993 Oslo Peace Accords between Palestinians and Israel, a plan discussing the necessary elements and conditions for a future Palestinian state "on the basis of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338". (Required). [108][109] The report was significantly altered to appease Israel and as well as urging Israel to stop its settlement policy, urged Palestine to end incitement to violence. And, at least for some Israelis, the idea that places basic to Jewish history could be off-limits is anathema. 'New Historian' Israeli academic Ilan Pappe says the cause of the conflict from a Palestinian point of view dates back to 1948 with the creation of Israel (rather than Israel's views of 1967 being the crucial point and the return of occupied territories being central to peace negotiations), and that the conflict has been a fight to bring home refugees to a Palestinian state. As for the Palestinian side, Abbas has been committed to a two-state solution for many years, and when asked in September 2018 whether he supported the establishment of a Palestinian confederation with Jordan, he replied that he would join it only if Israel was part of it. Their statement emphasized the importance of confidence-building measures to promote dialogue, support for the two-state solution and stated that settlement activities violate international law. However Palestinians see the two accords as a betrayal. There is now little doubt that Putin failed in his initial goals: Kyiv is still Show morestanding, Ukrainians are determined to keep fighting, and the West has so far stayed resolute in its support of Ukraine. ", "Talking Points Aside, Bush Stance on Palestinian State Is Not a First", "Obama restates support for Palestinian state during Netanyahu visit", "Clinton laments counter-productive U.N. vote on Palestine. [74] Israel halted peace talks with the Palestinians, saying it "will not negotiate with a Palestinian government backed by Hamas, a terrorist organization that calls for Israel's destruction", and threatened sanctions against the Palestinian Authority,[75][76] including a previously announced Israeli plan to unilaterally deduct Palestinian debts to Israeli companies from the tax revenue Israel collects for the PA.[77] Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu accused Abbas of sabotaging peace efforts. Jerusalem A cease-fire between Israel and the Palestinian group Hamas was holding on Friday morning after taking effect overnight. [82] Abbas also threatened to dissolve the PA, leaving Israel fully responsible for both the West Bank and Gaza,[83] a threat that the PA has not put into effect. [87], Abbas stated that if Israel rejected the claim he would push for charges against Israel in the International Criminal Court over the 2014 IsraelGaza conflict. There are divergent views on the peace process held by US officials, citizens and lobbying groups. What government officials are saying in public, and private, is fascinatingand full of contradictions. Please try again or choose an option below. But at the same time, even Khartoums gradual move toward normalizing relations with Tel Aviv has caused widespread resentment and anger in Sudan. To avoid it some definition of what happens after a shelf agreement is needed. But we are convinced that the Israeli-Palestinian confederation we propose, inspired by the European Union model, will allow enhanced economic and security cooperation to develop and facilitate a range of initiatives that will bolster mutual understanding and reduce mutual rejection and hostility. It was negotiated at Wye River, Maryland (at the Wye River Conference Center) and signed at the White House with President Bill Clinton as the official witness. Registering also lets you comment on articles and helps us improve your experience. For both Israelis and Palestinians to have self-determination, two states are needed. The confederal arrangements we envisage need not be perpetual to have value. We also envisage a series of measures that will promote reconciliation between the parties, including the requirement to study Hebrew and Arabic in all schools in the Confederation, the mutual opening of archives, and required bilingual signage in all places of historical value. Cook, J., 'Disappearing Palestine', (London, 2008), pp. There will be "no comprehensive and lasting peace without solving the conflict on the basis of the two-state solution", Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman al-Safadi told reporters following the meeting. [3][6] Yet, the demand for a right of return by the Palestinian refugees to Israel has remained a cornerstone of the Palestinian view and has been repeatedly enunciated by Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas who is leading the Palestinian peace effort.[7]. Israel said to ban entry to young Palestinian peace activists, Move reportedly comes amid concerns that permits are being misused to find work and visit Temple Mount, Netanyahu is not a man who believes in peace, says Mahmoud Abbas in rare interview, In first public media sit-down in 5 years, PA president blames US for the Balfour Declaration, says 90% of the synagogues in America do not believe in Israels policy, Biden lauds courageous Lapid call for two-states as US groups push for peace talks, US president says he could not agree more after prime minister backs Palestinian statehood at UN General Assembly, but others note absence of actual movement toward goal, Meeting Palestinian leader Abbas, Frances Macron calls for renewed peace talks, French president stresses need for dialogue with Israel, saying there is no option other than negotiations, warns that violence could break out at any time, US aims to fold Palestinians into expanded cooperation between Israel, Arab states, Effort an uphill battle as PA welcomes effort to boost regional standing, but not in context of Abraham Accords; UAE and Bahrain less enthusiastic and Israel not fully on board, US envoy says Israels hands not tied on Iran, even if nuke deal signed, Israel can do and take whatever actions they need to take, ambassador to Jerusalem tells Channel 12; Blinken reportedly asks Bennett for Iran deal alternative, Israeli, Palestinian public figures propose two-state confederation plan, Former justice minister Yossi Beilin and Hiba Husseini, a former legal adviser to the Palestinian negotiating team, to present outline to UN and US officials, PM said to tell MKs he expects escalation with Lebanon or Gaza, Bennett reportedly tells Knessets Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee that as it readies Iran strike, Israel is preparing for potential wars with Tehrans proxies, Poll finds slim majority of Israelis back Bennett meeting Palestinian leader Abbas, In survey from dovish Geneva Initiative, 51% support a summit, including 40% of voters from PMs right-wing Yamina party; 49% of respondents favor direct talks with Hamas, Colin Powell dead at 84: An Israel admirer, he pushed for compromises for peace, Former US secretary of state who brokered road map to Mideast peace, which still informs much of US policy in region, was also 1st military chief to speak Yiddish as 2nd language, Frustrated with US, but reluctant to fight, PA envoy looks elsewhere for help, Ramallahs man in New York, UN ambassador Riyad Mansour, tells ToI he appreciates what Biden administration has done but recognizes that Washington wont push Jerusalem into talks, Abbas, Herzog express hopes for upped cooperation in holiday call, PA chief also speaks to Gantz, looks for strengthening of ties in coming year as new government in Jerusalem broadens its contacts with Ramallah, Sissi calls Herzog for New Year, as Cairo said pushing for new Palestinian talks, Leader hosted Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas and Jordans King Abdullah in Cairo last week, and is expected to welcome PM Naftali Bennett soon, A government with 2 heads: Bennett and Gantz lead coordinated, opposing policies, PM has distanced himself from defense ministers meeting with PA chief, but they seem okay with each taking a different approach to satisfy coalitions rightist and leftist bases, PAs Abbas calls to congratulate Israels new president, Isaac Herzog says he hopes to assist in peace efforts; Palestinian leader underlines need for practical steps on the ground, Already a member? 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